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A gas is released at point P in the apparatus shown.
Which gas turns the damp universal indicator paper red most quickly?
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A mixture of colourless compounds is separated using chromatography.
Which type of reagent is used to detect these compounds after separation?
572
511
503
Which statement about paper chromatography is correct?
551
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571
Element X has 7 protons.
Element Y has 8 more protons than X.
Which statement about element Y is correct?
536
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525
A covalent molecule Q contains only six shared electrons. What is Q?
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525
Information about four substances E, F, G and H is shown.
[Table_1]
E, F, G and H are graphite, poly(ethene), sodium chloride and silicon(IV) oxide but not in that order.
What are E, F, G and H?
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Chemical compounds formed from a Group I element and a Group VII element contain ionic bonds.
How are the ionic bonds formed?
513
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Some information about particles P, Q, R and S is shown.
[Table_1]
Which two particles are isotopes of the same element?
536
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Chlorine gas will react with iron metal.
Exactly 21.3 g of chlorine reacts with 11.2 g of iron.
How many iron atoms react with 30 molecules of chlorine?
538
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In separate experiments, electricity was passed through concentrated aqueous sodium chloride and molten lead(II) bromide. What would happen in both experiments?
528
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A reaction involving aluminium is shown.
$xAl + yO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow xAl(OH)_3$
Which values of x and y balance the equation?
[Table_1]
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Four different fuels are used to heat a beaker of water, for the same amount of time, using the apparatus shown. The initial temperature of the water and the temperature after heating by the fuel are recorded. Which fuel releases the most heat energy? [Table_1]
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An excess of calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. The volume of carbon dioxide produced is measured at regular time intervals. The results are shown as experiment 1.
The experiment is repeated with only one change to the reaction conditions.
The results are shown as experiment 2.
Which change is made in experiment 2?
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When sulfur is heated it undergoes a ......1...... change as it melts.
Further heating causes the sulfur to undergo a ......2...... change and form sulfur dioxide.
Which words complete gaps 1 and 2?
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Four statements about the effect of increasing temperature on a reaction are shown.
1. The activation energy becomes lower.
2. The particles move faster.
3. There are more collisions between reacting particles per second.
4. There are more collisions which have energy greater than the activation energy.
Which statements are correct?
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An example of a redox reaction is shown.
$\text{Zn} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \rightarrow \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{Cu}$
Which statement about the reaction is correct?
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When bismuth(III) chloride, $\text{BiCl}_3$, reacts with water, a white precipitate of bismuth(III) oxychloride, $\text{BiOCl}$, is formed. The equation for the reaction is shown.
$\text{BiCl}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) \rightleftharpoons \text{BiOCl}(\text{s}) + 2\text{H}^+(\text{aq}) + 2\text{Cl}^-(\text{aq})$
The reaction is in equilibrium.
Which changes cause the white precipitate to dissolve?
1 adding acid
2 adding water
3 adding sodium chloride solution
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Element X forms an oxide, XO, that neutralises sulfuric acid. Which row describes X and XO?
[Table_1]
565
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579
Information about the solubility of salts is shown.
[Table_1]
Aqueous solutions of which two compounds would produce a precipitate when added together?
584
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The equation shows the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
$2\text{ H–H} + \text{ O=O} \longrightarrow 2\text{ H–O–H}$
The bond energies are shown.
[Table_1]
Which row shows the energy change and the type of reaction?
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Burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide which leads to acid rain.
Which ion in the rain water causes it to be acidic?
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Which statement about the trends shown by the elements of Period 3 in the Periodic Table is not correct?
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The diagram shows the positions of elements E, F, G and H in the Periodic Table.
Which statements about elements E, F, G and H are correct?
1. E has a higher density than F.
2. E has a higher melting point than F.
3. G has a darker colour than H.
4. G has a lower melting point than H.
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When aqueous iodine is added to a solution of vanadium ions, $V^{2+}$, the $V^{2+}$ ions each lose one electron.
Which property of transition elements is shown by this reaction?
584
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A piece of aluminium is dropped into dilute hydrochloric acid. No immediate reaction is observed. Which statement explains this observation?
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Some metal nitrates and carbonates decompose when heated strongly.
Metal Q has a nitrate that decomposes to give a salt and a colourless gas only.
The carbonate of metal Q does not decompose when heated with a Bunsen burner.
What is metal Q?
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Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.
Which equation represents the reaction that occurs at the anode during the electrolysis?
560
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Mild steel consists mostly of iron. Mild steel can be prevented from rusting by a process called galvanising.
Copper is not a very strong metal, however if it is mixed with a suitable metal a strong alloy called brass is produced.
Which statement is correct?
573
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Water is used for the irrigation of crops and for drinking water. For which uses must water be chlorinated? [Table_1]
531
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583
Which natural resource \textbf{cannot} provide a raw material for the manufacture of ammonia?
524
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Ammonia is made in the Haber process.
Which conditions are used in the Haber process?
[Table_1]
506
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Which process in the carbon cycle is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
534
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The equations represent two reactions, P and Q, of lime (calcium oxide).
$\text{P: CaO + SiO}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaSiO}_3$
$\text{Q: CaO + SO}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaSO}_3$
In which processes do the reactions occur?
[Table_1]
516
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568
Which statement about ethanol is not correct?
543
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Which pair of formulae represents two alkanes?
504
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545
Which statement about alkanes is correct?
598
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Which statements about ethanoic acid are correct?
1. It is a strong acid.
2. It reacts with ethanol to form an ester.
3. It has the formula $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$.
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The flow chart shows how petroleum may be turned into a plastic.
What are processes 1, 2 and 3?
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The structure of a synthetic polymer is shown.
The structure shows that it is a ......1...... . It is formed by ......2...... polymerisation.
Which words complete gaps 1 and 2?
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