Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) The respiratory quotient (RQ) is used to show what substrates are being metabolised in respiration.The RQ of a substrate may be calculated using t...

2009 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Describe the process of glycolysis. [7] (b) Describe the structure and synthesis of ATP and its universal role as the energy currency in all livi...

2009 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the main features of the Krebs cycle. [9](b) Explain the role of NAD in aerobic respiration. [6]

2009 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) The initial stages of respiration convert one molecule of glucose into two molecules of a 3C compound.State(i) the name given to these initial sta...

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Fig. 7.1 is an outline diagram of the Krebs cycle. A two carbon acetyl group enters the cycle by combining with a molecule of oxaloacetate. A molecule...

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) (i) Explain what is meant by the following terms:decarboxylation ....................................................................................

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Rice, *Oryza sativa*, is a staple food in many parts of the world. Rice is often grown in fields that are flooded with water for part of the growing s...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the need for energy in living organisms using named examples. [9](b) Explain the different energy values of carbohydrate, lipid and protei...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Rice, Oryza sativa, is a staple food in many parts of the world. Rice is often grown in fields that are flooded with water for part of the growing s...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the need for energy in living organisms using named examples. [9](b) Explain the different energy values of carbohydrate, lipid and protei...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH9 - GAS EXCHANGE AND SMOKING

(a) Fig. 1.1 is an image of a transverse section through the trachea of the gas exchange system.Write the names of structures X and Y on Fig. 1.1 in t...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH2 - BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Starch molecules are the main storage molecules in many types of cereal grain, such as the grainof the barley plant.(a) When the seed inside a barley ...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH11 - IMMUNITY

T-helper lymphocytes and Leydig cells are two types of mammalian cells. The main role of T-helper lymphocytes and Leydig cells is to synthesise and se...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH8 - TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS

(a) Using a light microscope at a magnification of ×400, it is possible to identify different types of blood cell in prepared slides of mammalian blo...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH5 - THE MITOTIC CELL CYCLE

Each meristem cell in a leaf bud is able to grow and divide by mitosis to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and ...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH10 - INFECTIOUS DISEASE

In March 2019, a tropical cyclone in the south-west Indian Ocean caused widespread flooding in a number of countries.The flooding and the damage cause...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH17 - SELECTION AND EVOLUTION

(a) The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is a fish. The sizes of eel populations tend to remain relatively stable despite eels producing large numbers...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH18 - BIODIVERSITY, CLASSIFICATION AND CONSERVATION

(a) The grey wolf, *Canis lupus*, is a large predator. During the 20th century, the grey wolf in south-west Europe was hunted almost to extinction.Fig...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH19 - GENETIC TECHNOLOGY

Vitamin A deficiency is a widespread public health problem.One source of vitamin A is carotene in the diet. Carotene can be converted to vitamin A in ...

2021 Spring

Theory

CH13 - PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Red algae are multicellular photosynthetic prototists that contain phycoerythrin. Phycoerythrin is a photosynthetic pigment.(a) Fig. 4.1 shows:• the...

2021 Spring