Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) The respiratory quotient (RQ) is used to show what substrates are being metabolised in respiration.The RQ of a substrate may be calculated using t...

2009 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Describe the process of glycolysis. [7] (b) Describe the structure and synthesis of ATP and its universal role as the energy currency in all livi...

2009 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the main features of the Krebs cycle. [9](b) Explain the role of NAD in aerobic respiration. [6]

2009 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) The initial stages of respiration convert one molecule of glucose into two molecules of a 3C compound.State(i) the name given to these initial sta...

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Fig. 7.1 is an outline diagram of the Krebs cycle. A two carbon acetyl group enters the cycle by combining with a molecule of oxaloacetate. A molecule...

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) (i) Explain what is meant by the following terms:decarboxylation ....................................................................................

2010 Summer

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Rice, *Oryza sativa*, is a staple food in many parts of the world. Rice is often grown in fields that are flooded with water for part of the growing s...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the need for energy in living organisms using named examples. [9](b) Explain the different energy values of carbohydrate, lipid and protei...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

Rice, Oryza sativa, is a staple food in many parts of the world. Rice is often grown in fields that are flooded with water for part of the growing s...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH12 - ENERGY AND RESPIRATION

(a) Outline the need for energy in living organisms using named examples. [9](b) Explain the different energy values of carbohydrate, lipid and protei...

2010 Winter

Theory

CH1 - CELL STRUCTURE

(a) Table 1.1 lists cell structures that can be found in eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells. Some of these cell structures can be found in both typ...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH2 - BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

(a) Cysteine is an amino acid containing sulfur. Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of the molecule formed by joining two cysteine molecules together.Draw a...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH7 - TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

(a) Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of an area of phloem tissue from a transverse section through the stem of a squash plant, Cucurbita pepo.(i) Cell X and cell...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH10 - INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Tuberculosis (TB), influenza and polio are examples of infectious diseases.(a) (i) Explain what is meant by an infectious disease........................

2023 Spring

Theory

CH8 - TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS

Pneumonia is a severe lung disease that can interfere with gas exchange. A person with pneumonia can be connected to an ECMO machine. This machine per...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH2 - BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

(a) Collagen is the most common structural protein in vertebrates. Collagen provides the skin with flexibility and strength.Explain how the structure ...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH14 - HOMEOSTASIS

(a) Fig. 1.1 is a drawing of a longitudinal section (LS) of a human kidney.Use the letters A, B, C and D in Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1.Each letter...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH19 - GENETIC TECHNOLOGY

(a) The start of transcription of the gene IFNA2 by E. coli with the recombinant plasmid shown in Fig. 2.1 needs to be controlled to obtain an optimum...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH19 - GENETIC TECHNOLOGY

Salmon can be genetically modified (GM) to produce increased quantities of growth hormone, which is a protein. GM salmon modified in this way have a f...

2023 Spring

Theory

CH16 - INHERITED CHANGE

Array comparative genome hybridisation (aCGH) is a technique involving the use of a microarray to analyse a genome or sections of a genome.(a) Outline...

2023 Spring