Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2010 Summer Zone 1

Fig. 1.1 shows two cells.



(a) (i) State where, in a human, a cell of type A would normally be found.
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(ii) State where, in a plant, a cell of type B would be found.
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(b) Use only words from the list to complete the statements about cell B.

air cellulose chloroplasts membrane mitochondria
nucleus starch vacuole wall cell sap

Cell B has a thick outer layer called the cell .................................................. . This is made of ............................................. . The cytoplasm of cell B contains many .............................................. that are used in the process of photosynthesis. The large permanent ............................................ is full of ....................................... and this helps to maintain the shape of the cell. [5]

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows structures that produce urine and excrete it from the body of a mammal.



(i) On Fig. 1.2, label and name one organ. [1]
(ii) Use examples from Fig. 1.2 to explain the difference between the terms organ and organ system.
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Table 2.1 shows some of the external features of the five classes of vertebrates.
Complete the table by placing a tick (✓) to indicate if each class has the feature.

Table 2.1
[Table_1]

(a) (i) What happened to the yield of cotton over the three years if no fertiliser was added to the soil?
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(ii) Suggest possible reasons for this change in the yield of cotton.
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(b) (i) What happened to the yield of cotton when fertiliser was added to the soil in year 1?
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(ii) Suggest why excessive quantities of fertiliser should not be added to the soil.
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(c) Chopped grass added to the soil has little effect on the crop yield in year 1. Suggest why it has much greater effect on the yield in years 2 and 3.
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Fig. 4.1 shows a pyramid of biomass.
[Image_1: Fig. 4.1 Pyramid of Biomass]
(a) On Fig. 4.1, name trophic levels 1 and 3.
[2]
(b) Fig. 4.2 shows a food web of a freshwater pond and Fig. 4.3 shows the same pyramid of biomass as was shown in Fig. 4.1.
[Image_2: Fig. 4.2 Food Web of Freshwater Pond]
[Image_3: Fig. 4.3 Pyramid of Biomass]
(i) In the boxes for trophic levels 2 and 4 in Fig. 4.3, write the letters (A to K) of all the organisms that are members of these trophic levels.
[2]
(ii) An outbreak of a bacterial disease that affects only mosquito larvae occurred in the pond. Predict and explain two of the effects this might have on the hydra population.
[4]

(a) State three of the environmental conditions this experiment is investigating.
1. .........................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
3. ......................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Predict in which two tubes the seeds will germinate.
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(c) Nuclear and cell division happen during germination.
(i) Name the type of nuclear division that takes place during the growth of a seedling.
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(ii) State how the number of chromosomes in each of the new cells compares with the number of chromosomes in the original cells.
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[Image of experiment Fig. 5.1]

(d) Fig. 5.2 shows the changes in the dry mass of a broad bean seed in the first five days after planting.

Describe and suggest an explanation for the changes that happen to the dry mass of the seed in the first five days after planting.
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[Graph of changes in dry mass Fig. 5.2]

Fig. 6.1 shows a fetus developing inside the uterus.

(a) The fetus developed from a fertilised egg cell. Place an X on the diagram where an egg cell is normally fertilised. [1]
(b) (i) Name the structures M and N.
M ........................................................................................................................
N ........................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Describe the role of structure M in gaseous exchange.
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[3]
(c) Describe how the structures labelled O and P are involved in the birth of the baby.
structure O ........................................................................................................
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structure P .........................................................................................................
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[2]
(d) (i) If a woman infected with HIV becomes pregnant, her baby may also be infected with HIV, by the time it is born.
Suggest two ways this may happen.
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[2]
(ii) Apart from avoiding infections, describe two other ways that a pregnant mother can help her baby develop healthily.
1. ......................................................................................................................
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2. ......................................................................................................................
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[2]

Fig. 7.1 shows three different types of teeth from a human.
[Image_1: Fig. 7.1]
(a) (i) Name the types of teeth labelled A and B.
A ..................................................................................................................
B .................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) State where in the jaw tooth type C is found.
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(b) Explain how regular brushing helps to prevent tooth decay.
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(c) Explain the roles of chewing and of enzymes in the process of digestion.
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Fig. 8.1 shows the route taken by blood around the body.

(a) (i) Name the heart chambers A and B.
A .................................................................................................................
B ................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Use information shown in Fig. 8.1 to identify the type of blood vessel C as either an artery or a vein.
type of vessel ...............................................................................................
reason ..........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) (i) State and explain two differences between the contents of the blood flowing in vessels C and E.
1. ..................................................................................................................
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2. ..................................................................................................................
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(ii) Suggest and explain which of the four blood vessels contains blood at the highest pressure.
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(a) Name two human sense organs and an environmental stimulus that each detects.

sense organ 1
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stimulus it detects
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sense organ 2
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stimulus it detects

[2]

(b) (i) Tropisms occur in plants. State the meaning of the term *tropism*.

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[2]

(ii) Complete Table 9.1 about tropisms in plants.

Table 9.1