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Four statements about the arrangement of particles are given.
1. Particles are packed in a regular arrangement.
2. Particles are randomly arranged.
3. Particles move over each other.
4. Particles vibrate about fixed points.
Which statements describe the particles in a solid?
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A student needs to measure four different volumes of a solution accurately. The volumes are $10 \text{ cm}^3$, $25 \text{ cm}^3$, $50 \text{ cm}^3$ and $60 \text{ cm}^3$.
The apparatus available includes a $25 \text{ cm}^3$ pipette.
Which volumes could be measured using this pipette?
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Impurities change the melting and boiling points of substances. Sodium chloride is added to a sample of pure water. How does the addition of sodium chloride affect the melting point and boiling point of the water? [Table_1: Melting and Boiling Points]
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The table shows the solubility of four substances, W, X, Y and Z, in ethanol and in water.
[Table_1]
Two methods of separation are given.
• method 1: add the substance to ethanol and then filter
• method 2: add the substance to water and then filter
Which substances can be separated from each other by both method 1 and method 2?
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Q and R are elements in the same period of the Periodic Table.
Q has 7 electrons in its outer shell and R has 2 electrons in its outer shell.
Which statement about Q and R is correct?
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Which electron arrangement for the outer shell electrons in a covalent compound is correct?
539
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Which element does not form a stable ion with the same electronic structure as argon?
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Graphite and diamond are both forms of the element carbon.
Which row shows the number of other carbon atoms that each carbon atom is covalently bonded to in graphite and diamond?
[Table_1]
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When chlorine reacts with hot concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide one of the products formed is sodium chlorate(V).
The formula of sodium chlorate(V) is NaClO_3.
What is the relative formula mass of sodium chlorate(V), NaClO_3?
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Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride can be electrolysed. Which statement is correct?
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Which statement about fuels is correct?
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Which statements about exothermic and endothermic reactions are correct?
1. During an exothermic reaction, heat is given out.
2. The temperature of an endothermic reaction goes up because heat is taken in.
3. Burning methane in the air is an exothermic reaction.
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A gas is produced when calcium carbonate is heated. Which type of change is this?
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X is a white solid which dissolves in water to give a blue solution. What is X?
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A student was investigating the reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Which changes slow down the rate of reaction?
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The reactions shown may occur in the air during a thunderstorm.
$N_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2NO$
$2NO + O_2 \rightarrow 2NO_2$
$NO + O_3 \rightarrow NO_2 + O_2$
Which row shows what happens to the reactant molecules in each of these reactions? [Table_1]
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When compound P is added to sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide is produced.
When compound Q is added to ammonium chloride, ammonia is produced.
What are P and Q?
[Table_1]
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Which oxide is suitable for treating acidic soil?
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Which salt preparation uses a burette and a pipette?
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Dilute sulfuric acid is added to two separate aqueous solutions, X and Y. The observations are shown.
solution X: white precipitate
solution Y: bubbles of a colourless gas
Which row shows the ions present in the solutions?
[Table_1]
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Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element is a metal?
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Which element is less reactive than the other members of its group in the Periodic Table?
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An element has the following properties.
• It forms coloured compounds.
• It acts as a catalyst.
• It melts at 1539°C.
In which part of the Periodic Table is the element found?
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Why are weather balloons sometimes filled with helium rather than hydrogen?
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Element E:
• forms an alloy
• has a basic oxide
• is below hydrogen in the reactivity series.
What is E?
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Calcium, copper, iron and magnesium are metals. They can be placed in order of reactivity. Which statement is correct?
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Steel is manufactured from the iron produced in a blast furnace.
Which statement about the manufacture of iron and steel is not correct?
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Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and other metals. It is strong and does not rust but it costs much more than normal steel.
What is not made from stainless steel?
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The diagram shows some uses of water in the home.
For which uses is it important for the water to have been treated?
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Which gas in the air is needed for iron to rust?
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A solid fertiliser contains ammonium sulfate.
A sample of the fertiliser is shaken with water.
To show the presence of ammonium ions in the solution, ......1...... is added and the gas produced is tested with damp ......2...... litmus paper.
Which words complete gaps 1 and 2?
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In which process is carbon dioxide not formed?
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Statements about methods of manufacture and uses of calcium oxide are shown.
1. It is manufactured by reacting acids with calcium carbonate.
2. It is manufactured by heating calcium carbonate.
3. It is used to desulfurise flue gases.
4. It is used to treat alkaline soil.
Which statements are correct?
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The structures of three substances are shown.
Why do these substances all belong to the same homologous series?
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The industrial fractional distillation of petroleum is shown.
Which process happens at Y?
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Two reactions are shown.
1 butane \rightarrow ethene
2 ethene \rightarrow ethanol
Which terms describe reactions 1 and 2?
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Ethene is a hydrocarbon.
Which row shows the type of bond between the carbon atoms in ethene, and the effect of ethene on aqueous bromine?
[Table_1]
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Poly(ethene), nylon and \textit{Terylene} are all polymers.
From which small units are all polymers made?
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Which property is a property of aqueous ethanoic acid?
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The diagram shows part of the molecule of a polymer.
Which diagram shows the monomer from which this polymer could be manufactured?
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