AS & A Level Physics - 9702 Paper 1 2024 Winter Zone 3

Which statement about physical quantities is correct?

What is a reasonable estimate of the mass of a solid sphere of copper that has a diameter of 60 cm?

The power output $P$ of a star can be modelled with the equation $P = \sigma A T^4$ where $\sigma$ is a constant, $A$ is the surface area of the star and $T$ is the surface temperature of the star. What are the SI base units of $\sigma$?

A boy throws a stone with a horizontal velocity of 10  $\text{ms}^{-1}$ from the top of a building. The height of the building is 8.0 $\text{ m}$. The stone travels along a curved path until it hits the horizontal ground, as shown.

Air resistance is negligible.

How long does it take the stone to reach the ground?

Four cuboids with identical lengths, breadths and heights are immersed in water. The cuboids are held at the same depth and in identical orientations by vertical rods, as shown.

Water has density $\rho$.

Cuboid W is made of material of density $4\rho$.

Cuboid X is made of material of density $2\rho$.

Cuboid Y is made of material of density $\rho$.

Cuboid Z is made of material of density $0.5\rho$.

Which statement is correct? 

In which example is it not possible for the underlined object to be in equilibrium?

Two identical balls are projected vertically upwards from ground level with the same initial velocity. Ball X is in a vacuum and ball Y is in air.

Which statement about the motion of the balls is correct?

The graph shows the variation of velocity with time for a stone that falls from a bridge into a lake and sinks to the bottom of the lake.

What can be deduced about the motion of the stone? 

Two objects X and Y form an isolated system. X and Y collide and then separate. The mass of X is greater than the mass of Y.

Which statement about the collision is correct?

Which row states whether total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved in an inelastic collision in which there are no external forces?

A tennis ball is thrown vertically upwards. The tennis ball reaches its highest point and then falls back down to the point from which it was thrown. Air resistance is significant. At which position on the path of the tennis ball is the resultant force on the tennis ball greatest?

Which statement correctly describes a couple?

A uniform beam of mass 1.4 kg is pivoted at P, as shown. The beam has a length of 0.60 m and P is a distance of 0.20 m from one end. Loads of 3.0 kg and 6.0 kg are suspended at distances of 0.35 m and 0.15 m from the pivot, as shown.

What is the torque that must be applied to the beam in order to maintain it in equilibrium? 

The diagrams show three rigid objects P, Q, and R being subjected to different combinations of forces.

Which objects are in equilibrium? 

The diagram shows two liquids, labelled P and Q, that do not mix. The liquids are in equilibrium in an open U-tube. Three equal distances x are labelled.

What is the ratio $\frac{\text{density of P}}{\text{density of Q}}$   ? 

A stone of mass 0.30 kg is thrown vertically downwards with a speed of 20 m s$^{-1}$ from a height of 12 m above the ground. It falls vertically until it hits the ground. Air resistance is negligible.

What is the kinetic energy of the stone just before it hits the ground?

A student can run or walk up the stairs to her classroom.

Which statement describes the power required and the gravitational potential energy gained while running up the stairs compared to walking up them?

A weight $W$ hangs from a trolley that runs along a rail. The trolley moves horizontally through a distance $p$ and simultaneously raises the weight through a height $q$.

As a result, the weight moves through a distance $r$ from X to Y. It starts and finishes at rest. How much work is done on the weight during this process? 

The equation for kinetic energy $E_K$ can be derived using the equations of motion.

Four equations relating to motion are listed.

1. $\quad W = Fs$
2. $\quad F = ma$
3. $\quad v^2 = u^2 + 2as$
4. $\quad P = \frac{W}{t}$

Which three equations can be used to derive the equation for $E_K$?

The force–extension graph of a metal wire is shown.

At which point on the graph does the metal wire stop obeying Hooke’s law?

A uniform wire is made of a metal that has a Young modulus of $1.3 \times 10^{11}\, \text{Pa}$.

The wire is 2.4 m long and has a spring constant of $2.7 \times 10^4\, \text{N m}^{-1}$.

What is the volume of the wire?

A rubber cord hangs from a rigid support. A weight attached to its lower end is gradually increased from zero, and then gradually reduced to zero.

The force–extension curve for contraction is below the force–extension curve for stretching.

What does the shaded area between the curves represent?

A source of sound waves of constant frequency is travelling as shown.

In which situation would the stationary observer detect a sound with the lowest frequency?

Each of the principal radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum has a range of wavelengths.

Which wavelength is correctly linked to its radiation?

A transverse water wave has a frequency of 15 Hz, a wavelength of 0.12 m and an amplitude of 4.0 mm. P is a water particle that is initially at the peak of the wave, as shown.

What is the total vertical distance travelled by P in a time of 0.5 s? 

A wave is formed on a string. A student plots a graph of the variation of displacement $d$ with time $t$ for a point on the string. The student marks two points, X and Y, on the graph.

Which property of the wave is represented by the distance along the horizontal axis between X and Y? 

A stationary wave is set up in a stretched string.

Which distance is equal to the wavelength of the wave?

A source of coherent light is incident on two slits, P and Q, which are placed 80 mm apart. The light has a single frequency of $1.5 \times 10^{12}$ Hz. The light from the slits meets on a screen that is a distance of 4.0 m from the slits. The screen is parallel to a line joining the slits.

An intensity sensor is placed on the screen at the midpoint of the interference pattern such that the intensity reading is a maximum. The intensity sensor is moved along the screen.

The sensor travels through two intensity minima, two intensity maxima and stops in the middle of the third intensity minimum.

Which distance does the sensor move through?

A vibrating bar produces surface water waves in a ripple tank.

The wavelength of the waves is 5.0 cm and they pass through a gap of width 20 cm.

Which change will increase the amount of diffraction that is observed?

What is an electric current?

A wire of diameter $d$ is connected into an electric circuit. There is a current $I$ in the wire and the charge carriers have an average drift speed $v$.
The wire is replaced with a new wire of the same material but with a diameter $0.5d$.
The current is adjusted so that the charge carriers in the new wire have an average drift speed $3v$.
What is the current in the new wire?

A fixed resistor and a diode are combined by connecting them in series. The total potential difference $V$ across the combination is varied and the corresponding current $I$ is measured.
Which graph could represent the variation of $I$ with $V$?

The potential difference (p.d.) across a fixed resistor is $V$. The power dissipated in the resistor is 5.0 W.

The p.d. across the resistor then changes to a new value. With the new p.d. the energy transferred to the resistor in a time of 2.25 s is 45.0 J.

What is the new p.d. across the resistor?

The diagram shows part of a circuit that uses a potentiometer wire to measure a potential difference (p.d.) in an external circuit.
The potentiometer wire XZ has length $L_1$. It is connected to a cell of known electromotive force (e.m.f.) $E$ that has negligible internal resistance.
Terminals P and Q are connected to the external p.d. to be measured. The length of the potentiometer wire between points X and Y is $L_2$.
The ratio of the lengths $L_1$ and $L_2$ is used to determine the p.d. between P and Q in terms of $E$.
Which condition must be met in order to determine this p.d.?

The diagram shows a circuit.
Which statement about the circuit is not correct?

What is the rest mass of a beta-particle?

What is the name of the group (class) of particles containing mesons, and the name of the group (class) of particles containing baryons?
[Table_1]

A magnesium nucleus $^{23}_{12}\text{Mg}$ decays by emitting two particles.
The resulting nucleus is sodium $^{23}_{11}\text{Na}$.
Which two particles are emitted?