Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2009 Winter Zone 1

Vertebrates can be classified by their external features.
Complete the paragraph by using the name of a vertebrate class in each space.

Some vertebrates have scales all over their skin. If they also have nostrils that allow air into their lungs and two pairs of legs they are ............................... .

Some vertebrates have wings. If their body is also covered in feathers they are .......................................... , but if their body has fur they are .......................................... .

Vertebrates that do not have feathers, fur or scales on the outside of their body are .......................................... .

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a partly completed diagram of a palisade cell.

[Image_1: Fig 2.1]

Complete the diagram to show the other major components of this cell.
Label all the components that you have added to Fig. 2.1. [4]

(b) State precisely where palisade cells are found in a plant. [2]

(a) Micronutrients are food materials that are only needed in very small quantities in the human diet.
Draw one straight line from each micronutrient to its deficiency symptom.
[Image_1: Diagram showing matching pairs of micronutrients and deficiency symptoms.]
(b) Explain how iron, in the diet of humans, is used in the body.
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(a) Enzyme activity is vital in human digestion.
Complete Table 4.1 by choosing appropriate words from the list.
amino acids amylase cellulose fatty acids
hydrochloric acid lipase protein starch water

[Table_1]

substrate | enzyme | product
--- | --- | ---
fat | ....................................... | glycerol + ..............................
....................................... | protease | ......................................
....................................... | ....................................... | maltose

[6]

(b) Maltose is changed into glucose.
(i) Which part of the blood carries glucose?
............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Which process, happening in all living cells, needs a constant supply of glucose?
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(iii) Excess glucose is stored. Which carbohydrate is glucose changed into for storage?
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(iv) Which organ is the main store of this carbohydrate?
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(v) Name a hormone that causes glucose to be released from storage.
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Rabbits are primary consumers. Fig. 5.1 shows changes in the population of rabbits after a small number were released on an island where none had previously lived.



(a) Which stage, A, B, C, D or E, shows when the birth rate was

(i) equal to the death rate,
..........................................................
[1]

(ii) slightly greater than the death rate?
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[1]

(b) (i) Suggest two factors that allowed the change in the rabbit population during stage B.
1. ................................................................
2. ................................................................
[2]

(ii) Suggest two reasons for the change in the rabbit population during stage E.
1. ................................................................
..................................................................

2. ................................................................
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[2]

(a) Fig. 6.1 shows the female reproductive system.

Describe the functions of each of the following structures in the female reproductive system.

(i) ovary
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(ii) uterus
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(iii) vagina
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(b) Explain the purpose of the events that happen during the menstrual cycle in human females.
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(a) (i) In the space below draw a food chain consisting of four organisms. The organisms must be part of the food web in Fig. 7.1.

(ii) Explain what is meant by the terms herbivore and carnivore and in each case give an example from the food web in Fig. 7.1.

herbivore .........................................................
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carnivore ........................................................
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(iii) Name an animal in the food web in Fig. 7.1 that would normally be present in far greater numbers than the animal on which it feeds.
.................................................................. [1]

(b) Sometimes a very large number of ladybirds arrive in this habitat.

Ladybirds are insects that feed on aphids.

Predict and explain how this could affect the populations of wrens and bank voles in this food web.

wrens ............................................................
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bank voles .......................................................
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Gaseous exchange takes place while air flows in and out of the lungs.

(a) State three ways in which inspired air is different from expired air.

1. ..........................................................................................................................
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2. ..........................................................................................................................
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3. ..........................................................................................................................
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(b) List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces that help to make them more efficient.

1. ..........................................................................................................................
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2. ..........................................................................................................................
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3. ..........................................................................................................................
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(a) (i) Define osmosis. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

(a) (ii) Osmosis is considered by many scientists to be a form of diffusion. Suggest two ways in which diffusion is different from osmosis. 1. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Explain how root hair cells use osmosis to take up water. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

(b) (ii) The land on which a cereal crop is growing is flooded by sea water. Suggest the effect sea water could have on the cereal plants. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

(a) In Drosophila, the fruit fly, wing length is controlled by a single gene.

Wing length can be long or short. A long winged male fruit fly was crossed with a short winged female. All of their offspring, the second generation, had long wings. When the second generation flies were interbred, to produce a third generation, some of the offspring had long wings and some had short wings.

(i) Which wing length is controlled by the recessive allele?
............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Complete the genetic diagram, using the symbols R and r to represent the alleles.

Parents male female
(first generation)
phenotypes ......... wings ......... wings
genotypes .............. ..............

○ ○ ○ ○
gametes

Offspring
(second generation)
genotypes .............. .............. ................. .................
phenotypes .............. .............. ................. ................. [5]

(iii) If the third generation consisted of 464 offspring how many would be expected to have short wings?
Show your working.
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............................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The female parent fruit fly was crossed with one of her male offspring from the second generation.

Draw a genetic diagram to show this cross and state the ratio of the offspring phenotypes.

genetic diagram

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ratio of offspring phenotypes
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