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A length of cotton is measured between two points on a ruler.
When the length of cotton is wound closely around a pen, it goes round six times.
What is the distance once round the pen?
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555
When does an object falling vertically through the air reach terminal velocity?
567
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A ball is dropped in an evacuated tube. A series of photographs is taken at equal time intervals from the time of release. Another ball of the same size but twice the mass is also dropped in the same evacuated tube and photographed.
Which diagram shows the motion of the heavier ball?
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511
Which statement about the mass and the weight of an object is correct?
535
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599
Which statement about the mass of an object is correct?
517
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507
An object decelerates from 25.0 m/s to 5.0 m/s in a time of 4.0 s.
It has a mass of 50 kg.
What is the resultant force on the object?
595
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535
A beam is pivoted at one end, as shown.
The beam weighs 6.0 N and its weight acts at a point X, 40 cm from the pivot.
A force of 4.0 N is applied to the beam causing it to balance horizontally.
In which direction and where is the 4.0 N force applied?
526
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572
A spacecraft is travelling in space with no resultant force and no resultant moment acting on it.
Which statement about the spacecraft is correct?
591
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507
A car of mass 1000 kg travelling at 8.0 m/s collides with a lorry of mass 3000 kg that is travelling at 2.0 m/s in the same direction. After colliding, the two vehicles stick together. What is their speed after the collision?
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What is the main process by which energy is released in the Sun?
586
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The work done $W$ by a force is related to the magnitude $F$ of the force and the distance $d$ moved in the direction of the force.
Which equation for $W$ is correct?
550
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518
A crane on a construction site lifts concrete beams.
The useful work done by the crane is 4000 kJ in a time of 160 s.
What is the useful output power of the crane?
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583
A submarine is in water of density $1.0 \times 10^3 \text{kg/m}^3$. The submarine changes its depth. This causes the pressure on it to change by $0.10 \text{MPa}$.
What is the change in depth of the submarine?
553
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An oil tank has a base of area 2.5 m² and is filled with oil to a depth of 1.2 m. The density of the oil is 800 kg/m³. What is the force exerted on the base of the tank due to the oil?
577
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When molecules of a gas rebound from a wall of a container, the wall experiences a pressure. What is the cause of this pressure?
557
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579
A student wishes to calibrate a mercury-in-glass thermometer with a °C scale.
Which values should she use for the lower fixed point and for the upper fixed point?
[Table_1]
517
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600
In an experiment, an object is heated.
The data from the experiment is shown.
- The energy transferred to the object is 3.0 kJ.
- The mass of the object is 2.0 kg.
- The rise in temperature of the object is 10°C.
- The specific heat capacity of the object is 150 J/(kg°C).
579
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Four thermometers, with their bulbs painted different colours, are placed at equal distances from a radiant heater.
Which thermometer shows the slowest temperature rise when the heater is first switched on?
544
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535
A tank contains water. Ripples are produced on the surface of the water. What causes the ripples to refract?
591
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540
Light travels at a speed of $2.0 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}$ in a glass block.
In the glass, the wavelength of the light is $4.0 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m}$.
What is the frequency of the light?
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Scout P signals to scout Q on the other side of a valley by using a mirror to reflect the Sun’s light.
Which mirror position allows the Sun’s light to be reflected to scout Q?
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A scientist describes light as being monochromatic. What does this tell you about the light?
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A siren is emitting a sound. As time passes, the sound becomes louder and higher pitched.
What is happening to the amplitude and to the frequency of the emitted sound wave?
[Table_1]
525
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525
A permanent magnet is placed close to a bar of soft iron.
What are the polarities of end P and of end Q?
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Which method is used to demagnetise a bar magnet?
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531
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell?
560
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A student measures the potential difference across a device and the current in the device. Which calculation gives the resistance of the device?
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586
A piece of wire is 40 cm long and has a diameter of 2.0 mm.
Its resistance is 0.30 Ω.
Which wire of the same material has a resistance of 0.15 Ω?
[Table_1]
570
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509
A diode is used as a rectifier. What is the purpose of a rectifier?
560
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581
A student sets up this circuit.
What is the purpose of the circuit?
517
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The diagram shows two voltmeters P and Q connected to a potential divider.
The sliding connection at point X is moved towards the top of the diagram.
What happens to the reading on P and to the reading on Q?
591
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571
The circuit shown contains two gates.
Which truth table describes the operation of the circuit?
535
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547
In an a.c. generator, a coil is rotated in a magnetic field and an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced in the coil. In which position of the coil does the e.m.f. have the largest value?
545
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592
Wire P carries a current directed perpendicularly into the page. A compass is placed at point Q which is close to wire P.
The magnetic field at Q due to the current is very much larger than the magnetic field of the Earth.
In which direction does the North pole of the compass point?
534
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531
A transformer has $N_p$ turns in the primary coil and $N_s$ turns in the secondary coil.
Which row gives the values of $N_p$ and $N_s$ for a transformer that steps up a voltage of 1200V to 36000V?
[Table_1]
520
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In the atomic model, an atom consists of a central mass, orbited by much smaller particles.
What is the name of the central mass and of the orbiting particles?
500
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An isotope of polonium has the nuclide notation $^{218}_{84}\text{Po}$.
A nucleus of this isotope decays by emitting an $\alpha$-particle. A $\beta$-particle is then emitted to form nuclide X.
What is the notation for nuclide X?
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The table compares the penetrating abilities and ionising effects of $\alpha$-radiation and of $\gamma$-radiation.
Which row is correct?
[Table_1]
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The graph shows how the count rate registered by a counter near to a sample of a radioactive isotope changes over a period of a few days. The background count rate is 5 counts per minute.
What is the half-life of the isotope?
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