Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2011 Summer Zone 1

Use the key to identify the cats, A to F, shown in Fig. 1.1.
Tick (✓) the boxes in Table 1.1 to show how you identify each cat.
Write the name of each cat in the correct box in Table 1.1.
Cat A has been completed for you as an example.

Key

[Image_1: Key Table with (a) and (b) options and names of cats]

Table 1.1

[Table_1: Table to tick and identify each cat from A to F]

(a) (i) State what is meant by the term \textit{balanced diet}.
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(ii) Balanced diets should include fat, fibre, mineral salts and vitamins. Name \textit{two} other types of nutrients that should be present in a balanced diet.
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(b) Suggest and explain the effects on a person of a diet with:

(i) too little fibre,
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(ii) too much animal fat.
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(c) Calcium, a mineral salt, is needed in the diet. Explain the role of calcium in the body and the effect of calcium deficiency.
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(a) (i) Name the tubes labelled M, N and O.

M .............................................................................................................................
N .............................................................................................................................
O ............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) Explain the roles of the testes, the prostate gland and the scrotum.

testes .......................................................................................................................
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prostate gland .......................................................................................................
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scrotum ..................................................................................................................
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(b) Humans use a variety of methods of birth control.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, put an X where a vasectomy could be carried out.
Put your answer on Fig. 3.1. [1]

(ii) Explain one method of birth control, used by males, that can also protect against infection by a sexually transmitted disease.
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(iii) Name one sexually transmitted disease.
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(a) Fig. 4.1 shows the structures involved in a reflex arc.

(i) On Fig. 4.1 label structures A, B, C and D.
Write your answers on Fig. 4.1. [4]
(ii) Name the two types of tissue in the body that can act as effectors.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. .............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) (i) Describe the characteristics of a reflex action resulting from the activity of structures A, B, C and D.
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(ii) State one example of a reflex action.
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(a) The nuclei of cells divide by two different processes, mitosis and meiosis.
(i) Name one organ in humans where meiosis takes place.
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(ii) Name one organ in a flower where meiosis takes place.
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(iii) Complete Table 5.1 to show three differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Table 5.1
[Table_1]

differences
mitosis .................................... meiosis ....................................
1 ................................................ ................................................
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2 ................................................ ................................................
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3 ................................................ ................................................
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[3]

(b) During the division of a nucleus, a mutation may happen.
(i) Define the term mutation.
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(ii) State two environmental factors that may increase the rate at which mutations happen.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(a) Fig. 6.1 shows the flow of some of the energy through a food chain in an ocean.


Fig. 6.1

About 1% of the light energy reaching the ocean is converted to chemical energy by the phytoplankton. The phytoplankton produce sugars, fats and proteins.

(i) Name the process that changes light energy to chemical energy.
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(ii) Name the chemical in the phytoplankton that absorbs light energy.
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(iii) Calculate, using information from Fig. 6.1, how much energy passes from the phytoplankton to the decomposers.
Show your working in the space below.

answer .....................................................kJ [1]

(iv) Name two groups of decomposers.
1. .........................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(v) Calculate, using information from Fig. 6.1, the percentage of energy passed from the phytoplankton to the primary consumers.
Show your working in the space below.

answer .....................................................% [2]

(vi) About 88% of the energy in the primary consumers does not become part of the secondary consumers.
Explain how this energy is lost from the food chain.
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(b) The organisms in this food chain form a community in the ocean.
This community is formed of many populations.
Explain what is meant by the term population.
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Fig. 7.1 shows a carbon cycle.
[Image_1: Fig. 7.1]
(a) The arrows on Fig. 7.1 represent processes that occur in the cycle.
Place a letter next to an arrow that represents each of the following processes.
(i) Decomposition – D
Put your answer on Fig. 7.1. [1]
(ii) Photosynthesis – P
Put your answer on Fig. 7.1. [1]
(iii) Respiration – R
Put your answer on Fig. 7.1. [1]
(b) The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has been rising since the middle of the 19th century.
Suggest reasons why this has happened.
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[4]

Fig. 8.1 shows a section through the heart.

(a) (i) Name the two blood vessels, shown on Fig. 8.1, that carry oxygenated blood. ...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the letter that identifies the tricuspid valve. ......................................................... [1]
(iii) State a letter that identifies a semilunar valve. ......................................................... [1]
(b) Describe how the heart forces blood into the aorta.
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(c) (i) Name the blood vessel that delivers blood to the muscles of the walls of the atria and ventricles. ...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the two blood vessels that deliver blood to the liver:
1. ......................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................... [2]

(a) Explain what is meant by the term transpiration.
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(b) Describe the effect that two named environmental factors can have on the rate of transpiration.
name of factor ........................................................................................................................
description ........................................................................................................................
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name of factor ........................................................................................................................
description ........................................................................................................................
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