Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2012 Summer Zone 3

Use the key to identify each of the birds shown in Fig. 1.1.
Write the name of each bird in the correct box in Table 1.1.

Key
1 (a) Bird with webbed feet (webs of skin between toes)
    go to 2
(b) Bird without webbed feet (no webs of skin between toes)
    go to 3

2 (a) Bird with tufts of feathers near the eyes
    E. crestatus
(b) Bird with no tufts of feathers near the eyes
    P. adeliae

3 (a) Bird with crest on head
    C. casuarius
(b) Bird without crest on head
    go to 4

4 (a) Bird with very long neck
    S. camelus
(b) Bird with short neck
    A. australis

Table 1.1
| bird | name of bird |
|------|--------------|
| A | - |
| B | - |
| C | - |
| D | - |
| E | - |
[5]

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a section through the heart.


(i) Table 2.1 lists functions of parts of the heart and associated blood vessels.
Complete the table by identifying which structure, A to H, carries out each of the following functions.

Table 2.1

| function | letter |
|------------------------------------------------|--------|
| vessel returning blood from the body | |
| chamber which pumps blood to the body | |
| vessel which carries blood to the lungs | |
| vessel which carries blood at the highest pressure | |
[4]

(ii) Describe the function of structure V.
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(b) A person’s pulse rate rises as they run a race.

(i) Explain why the pulse rate rises during the race.
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(ii) Describe how you could measure the pulse rate of a person.
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(a) Fig. 3.1 shows variegated (green and white) leaves on a destarched plant. Part of one of the leaves was covered.
[Image_1: Fig. 3.1 showing variegated leaves]
(i) The plant was left in bright light for 24 hours and then the cover was removed from the leaf. The leaf was tested for the presence of starch.
[Image_2: Fig. 3.2 showing leaf after cover removal]
Suggest which areas of the leaf, as shown in Fig. 3.2, would have contained starch after 24 hours.

Table 3.1
| area | contains starch |
|------|-----------------|
| K | ..................................... |
| L | ..................................... |
| M | ..................................... |
| N | ..................................... |


key
✓ = starch present
x = starch absent
Record your suggestions in Table 3.1. [2]

(ii) Give reasons for your suggestions for areas K and L.
area K .....................................................................................................
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area L .....................................................................................................
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(iii) Starch is formed from a simple carbohydrate.
Name the process, carried out by plants, that produces this simple carbohydrate.
................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) State which gas is released from the leaf when this simple carbohydrate is being produced.
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(b) Magnesium ions are needed to form the green pigment in the leaf.
(i) State where magnesium ions enter a plant.
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(ii) Suggest how magnesium ions enter a plant.
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Fig. 4.1 shows a section through the male reproductive system.

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled A and B.
A ............................................................................................................................
B ............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) On Fig 4.1 label with a line and the letter T where the hormone testosterone is produced. Put the line and letter on Fig. 4.1 [1]
(iii) Name the stage in a male child's development when the secondary sexual characteristics appear.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Sometimes athletes attempt to cheat by taking performance enhancing drugs such as testosterone.
Suggest two ways in which taking testosterone may give them an unfair advantage in a competition.
1 ................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................
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(b) If a man damages his hip he might require an X-ray.
Suggest why it is important to protect his testes from radiation, such as X-rays.
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(a) Table 5.1 shows data from six countries that have large areas of tropical rainforest.

[Table_1]

(i) Which country had the largest area of tropical rainforest in 2005?
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[1]

(ii) Calculate the total area of rainforest lost in the Philippines between 1990 and 2005.

answer = .............................. thousand ha [1]

(iii) In the space below calculate the percentage of tropical rainforest lost in the Philippines between 1990 and 2005. Show your working.

answer = ......................... % [2]

(b) One method of deforestation is to remove the large trees for timber and then burn the rest of the vegetation.

Explain why deforestation is considered harmful to the environment.
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[4]

A person’s blood glucose concentration should remain within narrow limits.

(a) (i) Name the process that keeps conditions inside the body within narrow limits.
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[1]

(ii) Name the main process that uses glucose from the blood.
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[1]

(b) The graph, Fig. 6.1, shows the blood glucose concentration of a boy over 14 hours.



The boy had a meal at about 7.45 am.

(i) What was the boy’s blood glucose concentration before this meal?
....................................................... mg per 100 cm³ blood [1]

(ii) What was the boy’s maximum blood glucose concentration after this meal?
....................................................... mg per 100 cm³ blood [1]

(c) After the meal the boy’s pancreas secreted a hormone that helped to remove excess glucose from the blood and store it.

(i) On Fig. 6.1 mark with a letter G when the pancreas started to secrete this hormone. [1]

(ii) State the form in which glucose is stored in the body.
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[1]

(iii) State one organ in the body where this storage occurs.
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[1]

(d) On the way home from school, the boy was involved in a fight.

(i) State what happened to the boy’s blood glucose concentration at the start of the fight.
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[1]

(ii) During the fight the boy’s body produced another hormone. Name this hormone.
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[1]

(iii) Describe three effects this hormone had on the boy’s body.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
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2 ..............................................................................................................................................
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3 ..............................................................................................................................................
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[3]

Fig. 7.1 shows a bee visiting a flower.

(a)

(i) State one advantage to the bee of its visit to this flower. [1]

(ii) State one advantage to the flower of the visit by this bee [1]

(iii) Suggest two features of the flower that might have attracted the bee to the flower. [2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the female part of a flower before fertilisation.

Describe the events that must take place before a seed can develop. [3]

(c) Explain why the seed that develops is likely to grow into a plant that is similar, but not identical, to its parent plants. [3]

Small insect-eating birds are feeding on the caterpillars that are eating the leaves of a tree. A pair of sparrow hawks is hunting for small birds to feed their young.
(a) Fig. 8.1 shows a pyramid of numbers for this food chain.

[Image_1: Pyramid diagram]

organisms at each trophic level
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Fig. 8.1

(i) On Fig. 8.1, write the names of the organisms present at each trophic level. [1]
(ii) In the space below draw a pyramid of biomass for this food chain. [2]
(iii) State a reason for the different shapes of the two pyramids. [1]
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(b) (i) Name an organism in this food chain that is a herbivore. [1]
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(ii) Name an organism that is a carnivore. [1]
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(iii) Name a group of organisms that would be part of this food chain but which are not included in either pyramid. [1]
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Fig. 9.1 shows two front views, S and T, of a human eye in two different light intensities.



(a) (i) Suggest how the light intensity changes from S to T.
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(ii) Explain how the changes in the eye, shown in Fig. 9.1, were brought about.
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(b) The changes in the appearance of the pupil are known as the “pupil reflex”.

(i) Describe the characteristics of a reflex action.
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(ii) Suggest how the pupil reflex protects the eye.
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