AS & A Level Chemistry - 9701 Paper 1 2016 Winter Zone 2

The molecules of a gas at a constant temperature, $T_1$, have the distribution of molecular energies shown in the diagram.

When the temperature is increased to $T_2$, the distribution of molecular energies changes.
Which diagram correctly shows this change?

The diagram shows the pathways of a reaction, with and without a catalyst.
Which letter represents the overall energy change for the reaction?

People are advised to eat less than 6.00 g of salt (sodium chloride) per day for health reasons. Which mass of sodium is present in 6.00 g of sodium chloride?

When copper reacts with a 50% solution of nitric acid, nitrogen monoxide is evolved and a blue solution results. The balanced equation for this reaction is shown.
$p \text{Cu} + q \text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow r \text{Cu(NO}_3)_2 + s \text{H}_2\text{O} + t \text{NO}$
What are the values of the integers $p$, $q$, $r$, $s$ and $t$?
[Table_1]

What is the electronic configuration of an isolated $\text{Ni}^{2+}$ ion?

When solid aluminium chloride is heated, $Al_2Cl_6$ is formed.
Which bonding is present in $Al_2Cl_6$?

In which hydride is the H−X−H bond angle the smallest?

In an experiment, a sample of a pure gas is put into a gas syringe at a temperature of 300K and pressure of 16kPa. The gas is compressed until the volume occupied by the gas is halved.
After compression, the temperature of the gas in the syringe is 375K and the pressure is 40kPa.
Which statement is correct?

In a calorimetric experiment 1.60 g of a fuel are burnt. 45.0% of the energy released is absorbed by 200 g of water. The temperature of the water rises from 18.0°C to 66.0°C.
What is the total energy released per gram of fuel burnt (to 3 significant figures)?

Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia.

$$\text{N}_2(g) + 3\text{H}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(g)$$

A mixture of 2.00 mol of nitrogen, 6.00 mol of hydrogen and 2.40 mol of ammonia is allowed to reach equilibrium in a sealed vessel of volume 1 dm³. It was found that 2.32 mol of nitrogen were present in the equilibrium mixture.

What is the value of $K_c$?

Lithium reacts with nitrogen at room temperature to form solid Li₃N.
Three vessels of equal volume are connected by taps, A and B, as shown.

At the start, A and B are closed, the left-hand vessel is evacuated, the middle vessel has the indicated reaction at equilibrium and the right-hand vessel contains lithium only.
Which action would allow the equilibrium mixture to contain the most ammonia?

The graph below shows the variation of the first ionisation energy with proton number for some elements. The letters used are not the usual symbols for the elements.
Which statement about the elements is correct?

Which element shows the greatest tendency to form covalent compounds?

Elements Y and Z are both in Period 3.
When the chloride of Y is added to water, it reacts and a solution of pH 2 is produced.
When the chloride of Z is added to water, it dissolves and a solution of pH 7 is produced.
Which statement explains these observations?

When chlorine reacts with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide, two chlorine-containing ions are formed. One of these is the chloride ion, $Cl^-$.
What is the other ion?

J is a salt of one of the halogens chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine.
The reaction scheme shows a series of reactions using a solution of J as the starting reagent.

What could J be?

When heated, magnesium nitrate decomposes.
Which equation for the thermal decomposition of magnesium nitrate is correct?

Chlorine and bromine have different volatilities.
Which row identifies the more volatile of the two elements, and gives the correct explanation?
[Table_1]

Water and ammonia take part in a reaction that produces the ammonium ion.
Which statement about this reaction is correct?

Limonene is found in lemon and orange oils.
[Image_1: Structure of limonene]
What will be the major product when limonene is reacted with an excess of dry hydrogen chloride?

The compound rotundone is responsible for the peppery smell of pepper and is also found in some red wines.


How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of rotundone?

The reaction $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{Br}^-$ proceeds via an $S_N2$ mechanism.
The reaction $(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{CBr} + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow (\text{CH}_3)_3\text{COH} + \text{Br}^-$ proceeds via an $S_N1$ mechanism.
Which statement about these two reactions is correct?

The equation shows a reaction that occurs between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide in a catalytic converter.

$2 ext{CO}(g) + 2 ext{NO}(g) ightarrow 2 ext{CO}_2(g) + ext{N}_2(g)$

Which statement is correct?

Which statement about stereoisomers is correct?

Which compound can be oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII) to give 3-methylpentan-2-one? 

Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH$_2$CH$_2$OH, reacts with an excess of ethanoic acid, CH$_3$CO$_2$H, in the presence of an acid catalyst. A compound is formed with the molecular formula C$_6$H$_{10}$O$_4$.

What is the structure of this compound?

Compound X is heated with a mild oxidising agent. One of the products of the reaction will react with hydrogen cyanide, forming 2-hydroxybutanenitrile.
What is compound X?

Which row correctly describes the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones?
[Table_1]

How many of the compounds shown will react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid?

Some vegetable oils contain ‘trans fats’ that are associated with undesirable increases in the amount of cholesterol in the blood. In these oils the word ‘trans’ describes, in the usual way, the arrangement of groups at a C=C double bond.
In the diagrams below, R₁ and R₂ are different unbranched hydrocarbon chains.

Which diagram correctly shows an optically active ‘trans fat’?

Photochromic lenses in spectacles darken in sunlight because silver crystals are produced by the reaction shown.

$ \text{Ag}^+ + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Ag} + \text{Cl} $

Which statements are correct for this reaction?

1. Both silver and chlorine atoms have an oxidation number of zero.
2. The oxidation number of chlorine increases.
3. Electrons are transferred from $ \text{Cl}^- $ ions to $ \text{Ag}^+ $ ions.

A cathedral in New Zealand has been constructed from cardboard. Cardboard contains polymer molecules. Part of one such polymer molecule is shown below.

Which statements about this polymer are correct?
1. The polymer molecules can form hydrogen bonds with each other.
2. The polymer can form intermolecular forces with water molecules.
3. The polymer will not burn easily because it is a secondary alcohol.

X is an element that has
- its outer electrons in the 4th principal quantum shell,
- a higher 1st ionisation energy than calcium.

What could be the identity of X?

Methanol, $CH_3OH$, can be produced industrially by reacting $CO$ with $H_2$.

$CO(g) + 2H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g)$ $\Delta H = -91 \, \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$

The process can be carried out at $4 \times 10^3 \, \text{kPa}$ and $1150\, \text{K}$.

Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1. Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of reaction because more effective collisions will occur.
2. Lowering the temperature will reduce the rate of reaction because the forward reaction is exothermic.
3. Increasing the pressure will reduce the rate of reaction because there are a larger number of moles on the left-hand side of the equation.

Equal masses of barium carbonate and magnesium carbonate powders are mixed together. The mixture is then heated using a Bunsen burner flame until there is no further change. A gas is given off.
Which statements are correct?
1. The residue left after heating reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide.
2. The percentage decrease in mass after heating is 26% (to 2 significant figures).
3. The gas given off during heating relights a glowing splint.

Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen are present in the atmosphere. Which statements are correct?
1. Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen can be formed in internal combustion engines.
2. Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen can be produced by direct combination of the elements.
3. Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen are involved in the formation of acid rain.

A species of termite produces a chemical defence secretion which contains the molecule shown.

To help determine the structure of this compound, it is treated with hot, concentrated, acidified manganate(VII) ions.
Which compounds are produced in this reaction?

1-bromopropane reacts with NaOH in different ways depending on the solvent used. Which statements about this reaction are correct?
[Table_1]

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

[Table_1]

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

The compound shown is produced when sugar burns.



Which reagents would give a positive result with this compound?

1 alkaline aqueous iodine
2 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
3 Fehling’s solution

Which statements about the formation of a carboxylic acid are correct?
1. A carboxylic acid can be produced by hydrolysis of a nitrile.
2. A carboxylic acid can be produced by oxidation of a primary alcohol.
3. A carboxylic acid can be produced by reduction of an aldehyde.