AS & A Level Physics - 9702 Paper 1 2016 Winter Zone 1

What is the order of magnitude of the Young modulus for a metal such as copper?

The force $F$ between two point charges $q_1$ and $q_2$, a distance $r$ apart, is given by the equation $$ F = \frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2} $$ where $k$ is a constant.
What are the SI base units of $k$?

An aeroplane can fly at a velocity $X$ when moving through still air. When flying in wind the aeroplane’s velocity relative to the ground is $Y$.
Which vector diagram shows the magnitude and direction of the wind velocity $W$?

A voltmeter gives readings that are larger than the true values and has a systematic error that varies with voltage.
Which graph shows the calibration curve for the voltmeter?

A student uses a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) to measure the period of a signal. She sets the time-base of the c.r.o. to 5 ms cm$^{-1}$ and observes the trace illustrated below. The trace has a length of 10.0 cm.

What is the period of the signal?

A cyclist pedals along a raised horizontal track. At the end of the track, he travels horizontally into the air and onto a track that is vertically 2.0 m lower.

The cyclist travels a horizontal distance of 6.0 m in the air. Air resistance is negligible.

What is the horizontal velocity $v$ of the cyclist at the end of the higher track? 

An astronaut on the Moon, where there is no air resistance, throws a ball. The ball's initial velocity has a vertical component of $8.00 \text{ ms}^{-1}$ and a horizontal component of $4.00 \text{ ms}^{-1}$, as shown.

The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is $1.62 \text{ ms}^{-2}$.

What will be the speed of the ball $9.00 \text{ s}$ after being thrown? 

A car is travelling at constant velocity. At time $t = 0$, the driver of the car sees an obstacle in the road and then brakes to a halt. The graph shows the variation with $t$ of the velocity of the car.

How far does the car travel in the 5.0 s after the driver sees the obstacle? 

A car is stationary at traffic lights. When the traffic lights change to green, the driver presses down sharply on the accelerator. The resultant horizontal force acting on the car varies with time as shown.

Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the car? 

A beach-ball falls vertically from a high hotel window. Air resistance is $\textbf{not}$ negligible.

Which graph shows the variation with time $t$ of the acceleration $a$ of the ball?

A car has mass $m$. A person needs to push the car with force $F$ in order to give the car acceleration $a$. The person needs to push the car with force $2F$ in order to give the car acceleration $3a$.

Which expression gives the constant resistive force opposing the motion of the car?

A box is shown resting on the ground. Newton’s third law implies that four forces of equal magnitude are involved. These forces are labelled P, Q, R and S.

Forces P and Q act on the box. Forces R and S act on the Earth.

For clarity, the forces are shown slightly separated.

Which statement about the forces is correct? 

Two spheres travel along the same line with velocities $u_1$ and $u_2$. They collide and after collision their velocities are $v_1$ and $v_2$.

Which collision is not elastic?

A submarine has circular windows of diameter 0.30 m. The windows can experience a maximum external pressure of 660 kPa before they crack.

What is the minimum external force needed to crack the windows?

Four beams of the same length each have three forces acting on them.

Which beam has both zero resultant force and zero resultant torque acting?

An air-conditioning unit is supported by a rigid beam PQ, as shown.

Which diagram shows the directions of the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the ends of the beam? 

A hydroelectric power station uses the gravitational potential energy of water to generate electrical energy. In one particular power station, the mass of water flowing per unit time is $1.5 \times 10^5 \text{ kg s}^{-1}$. The water falls through a height of 120 m. The electrical power generated is 100 MW. What is the efficiency of the power station?

An engine transforms thermal energy into mechanical work. The engine takes in thermal energy $Q_{in}$ from a heat source and gives out thermal energy $Q_{out}$ to a heat sink, producing useful work $W$.

What is the efficiency of this engine?

A truck of mass 500 kg moves from rest at the top of a section of track 400 m long and 30 m high, as shown. The frictional force acting on the truck is 250 N throughout its journey.

What is the final speed of the truck? 

Which condition must apply for the work done by an expanding gas to be $p \Delta V$, where $p$ is the pressure of the gas and $\Delta V$ is its change in volume?

A copper wire hangs vertically from a fixed point. A load is attached to the lower end of the wire producing an extension \( x \). The wire obeys Hooke’s law.

Which single change gives an extension \( 2x \)?

The table shows the wavelengths of five electromagnetic waves.

Which is correctly identifies the principal radiation for each of these wavelengths?

The graph shows the variation with time of the displacement X of a gas molecule as a continuous sound wave passes through a gas.

The velocity of sound in the gas is 330 m s^{-1}. All the graphs below have the same zero time as the graph above.

What is the displacement-time graph for a molecule that is a distance of 0.165 m further away from the source of the sound?

Diagrams X and Y show the passage of water waves around an obstacle and through a gap.

The thick lines are barriers to the waves and each thin line represents a wavefront.

Which statement is correct?

The diagram shows a long rope fixed at one end. The other end is moved up and down, setting up a stationary wave.

What is the phase difference between the oscillations at X and at Y?

A diffraction grating is used to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light.

The spacing of the slits in the grating is $1.15 \times 10^{-6}$ m. The angle between the first order diffraction maxima is $60.0\degree$, as shown in the diagram.

What is the wavelength of the light?

Which path shows a possible movement of an electron in the electric field shown? 

The diagram shows an electric field pattern caused by two positive and two negative point charges of equal magnitude placed at the four corners of a square.

 
In which direction does the force act on an electron at point X? 

Two large horizontal metal plates are separated by 4mm. The lower plate is at a potential of -80V.

 

Which potential should be applied to the upper plate to create an electric field of strength 60000 Vm^{-1} upwards in the space between the plates?
 

An electric kettle is marked 3.10 kW. It is used with an electrical supply of 240 V.
What is the electric current in the kettle and what is the kettle’s electrical resistance when working?

A thick copper wire is connected to a thin copper wire in series with a cell, as shown.
What is significantly less in the thick wire than in the thin wire?

What is a typical value for the order of magnitude of the resistivity of copper?

In the circuit shown, the reading on the ammeter is zero. The four resistors have different resistances $R_1$, $R_2$, $R_3$ and $R_4$. Which equation is correct?

The diagram shows currents $I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4$ and $I_5$ in different branches of a circuit.
Which equation is correct?

What is a proton?

What are the correct descriptions of a $\gamma$-ray and a $\beta^-$ particle? [Table_1]

In a radioactive decay series, three successive decays each result in a particle being emitted. The first decay results in the emission of a $\beta^-$ particle. The second decay results in the emission of an $\alpha$ particle. The third decay results in the emission of another $\beta^-$ particle.

Nuclides P and S are compared.
Which statement is correct?