Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2013 Summer Zone 1

The terms eating and breathing are often wrongly stated as characteristics of living organisms.

(a) Eating is often confused with nutrition.
Define the term \textit{nutrition}.

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(b) Breathing is often confused with respiration.
Define the term \textit{respiration}.

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(a) Table 2.1 shows some of the effects of alcohol and heroin.
Complete Table 2.1 by writing YES or NO in each of the boxes.
One box has been completed for you.
[Table_1]

Table 2.1

| effect | alcohol | heroin |
|--------------------------------------|---------|--------|
| addiction | | |
| depressant | | |
| can cause liver damage when | | YES |
| used in excess | | |
[3]

(b) Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals.

State one effect of the following chemicals in tobacco smoke:

(i) carbon monoxide;
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(ii) nicotine;
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(iii) tar.
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[1]

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows the digestive system.
[Image_1: Fig. 3.1]
Use the letters from Fig. 3.1 to identify one place where each process occurs.
(i) amylase is secreted
letter ........................... [1]
(ii) lipase is secreted
letter ........................... [1]
(iii) protease is secreted
letter ........................... [1]
(iv) bile is formed
letter ........................... [1]
(v) hydrochloric acid is released
letter ........................... [1]

(b) Enzymes are involved in chemical digestion.
Describe the function of the enzyme lipase.
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(c) The teeth are involved in physical digestion.
Fig. 3.2 shows a section through a tooth.
[Image_2: Fig. 3.2]
(i) Name a mineral that is required for the development of healthy teeth.
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(ii) Name the parts labelled R, S and T as shown on Fig. 3.2.
R .................................................................................................................................
S .................................................................................................................................
T ................................................................................................................................. [3]
(iii) Describe how dental decay is caused.
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Fig. 4.1 shows a section through an insect-pollinated flower.


(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D as shown on Fig. 4.1.

A .................................................................
B .................................................................
C .................................................................
D ................................................................. [4]

(b) (i) Define the term \textit{pollination}.

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(ii) Pollination can be carried out by insects or by wind.
Describe \textbf{four} features of flowers that would show they are insect-pollinated.
1 .................................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................................
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3 .................................................................................................................................
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4 .................................................................................................................................
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(c) Wind-pollinated flowers produce much more pollen than insect-pollinated flowers.
This pollen is usually lighter than pollen from insect-pollinated flowers.
Suggest why these are advantages to a plant that is wind-pollinated.
more pollen ..............................................................................................................
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light pollen ............................................................................................................
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(a) Fig. 5.1 shows a graph of the human population from 1800 to 2010.

Fig. 5.1
The human population before 1800 had remained fairly constant.
(i) Suggest three reasons for the increase in the human population since 1800.
1 ..................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................
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3 ..................................................................................................................
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(ii) State three social implications if the human population continues to increase at the current rate.
1 ..................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................
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3 ..................................................................................................................
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(b) Many human activities cause pollution of the environment.
Describe the undesirable effects of the following pollutants.
(i) nuclear fall-out ..................................................................................
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(ii) untreated sewage ...............................................................................
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(a) Explain the term carnivore.
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(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a food chain.

Fig. 6.1
Name a herbivore from the food chain shown in Fig. 6.1.
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(c) Draw and label a pyramid of biomass for this food chain. [2]

(d) The food chain shown in Fig. 6.1 starts with an oak tree.
Name and describe the method of nutrition of the oak tree.
name ................................................................
description ................................................................
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(a) Explain the terms allele and gene.
allele .........................................................................................................................................................................
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gene ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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(b) PTC is a bitter tasting chemical that some humans can taste while others cannot. This is controlled by a single gene with a pair of alleles.
Fig. 7.1 shows the inheritance of the ability to taste PTC in a family.



(i) The allele for tasting PTC is dominant to the allele for not tasting PTC.
State evidence shown in Fig. 7.1 that supports this fact.
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(ii) Use the symbols T for the dominant allele and t for the recessive allele to state the genotypes for individuals 2 and 5.
individual 2 ..........................................................
individual 5 .......................................................... [2]

(iii) What are the two possible genotypes for individual 3?
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(a) Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of the human circulatory system.

Fig. 8.1
Name the blood vessels labelled F, G and H as shown on Fig. 8.1.
F
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G
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H
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(b) State two ways in which the blood entering leg muscles differs from the blood leaving leg muscles.
1
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2
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(c) Humans have a double circulation, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
Explain the advantages of humans having a double circulation.
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(a) Define the term excretion.
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(b) Name two human excretory organs.
Identify two substances that each organ excretes.
organ ........................................................................................................................................
substances excreted 1 .............................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................................

organ ........................................................................................................................................
substances excreted 1 .............................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(c) Green plants are living organisms and excrete substances.
Suggest one substance that plants excrete.
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