Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2013 Winter Zone 1

Fig. 1.1 shows a woodlouse.

The woodlouse is a crustacean, one of the four groups of arthropod. It is a herbivore that lives on land and eats decaying plant materials. It breathes with gills that must be kept moist.
(a) Name two other groups of arthropod. For each group state one feature found only in animals of that group.
1 group .......................................................................................................................... feature ..........................................................................................................................
2 group .......................................................................................................................... feature .......................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Some students were sent to find woodlice for an investigation. Suggest and explain two reasons why populations of woodlice are usually found under stones, decaying wood and leaves.
1 reason ......................................................................................................................... explanation ..................................................................................................................
2 reason ......................................................................................................................... explanation .................................................................................................................. [4]

Inspired air has a different composition to expired air.
Complete Table 2.1 to show how inspired air is different from expired air.

Table 2.1

| substance | how inspired air is different from expired air |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| carbon dioxide | |
| dust particles | |
| oxygen | |
| water vapour | |

Fig. 3.1 shows a poster that a student made for a biology lesson.

The teacher told the class that the student had made a number of mistakes.
(a) For each of the three labels, correct the mistakes by giving the name and function of each component.
A name
...........................................................................................................
function
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
B name
...........................................................................................................
function
...........................................................................................................
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C name
...........................................................................................................
function
...........................................................................................................
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[6]
(b) Name one other component of the blood that is not labelled on the poster.
State its function.
component
...........................................................................................................
function
...........................................................................................................
[2]

(a) Table 4.1 shows some of the top ten causes of death in parts of the world during 2010.

[Table_1]
cause of death | percentage of the deaths of adult males | percentage of the deaths of adult females
cancer (lung, alimentary canal, breast, prostate and others) | 17 | 12
coronary heart disease | 7 | 14
stroke (blood clot in brain) | 17 | 10

Fig. 4.1 shows the data for the adult males.


percentage of deaths on y-axis, categories on x-axis showing differences between males and females for each cause: cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke.

Fig. 4.1

(i) Draw the bars for the adult females on Fig. 4.1. [1]

(ii) Calculate the percentage of males dying from causes other than those in Table 4.1.

Show your working.

.................. % [2]

(iii) State the type of cancer, listed in Table 4.1, that occurs only in males.

........................................................ [1]

(b) The lifestyles of people can affect their risk of dying from some diseases.

(i) Suggest three actions that humans could take to lower their risk of dying from coronary heart disease.

1 ....................................................................................
....................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................
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3 ....................................................................................
.................................................................................... [3]

(ii) In 2010 2% of adult male deaths were due to liver disease.

Suggest one aspect of their lifestyle that could have caused this.

.................................................................................... [1]

(a) Wheat is a type of grass that has been grown by humans for about 9000 years. The earliest variety is called emmer.
Fig. 5.1 shows emmer wheat and a modern type of wheat.
[Image_1: Fig. 5.1]
(i) Use Fig. 5.1 to describe two ways in which emmer wheat is different from modern wheat.
1 .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

(ii) Over hundreds of years farmers improved the yield of wheat crops.
They kept grains from the highest yielding ears to grow the next crop.
Name this farming practice.
......................................................................................................................................

(b) There is evidence that emmer wheat was pollinated by pollen from other grasses.
This produced new varieties.
Fig. 5.2 shows a section through a flower of wheat.
[Image_2: Fig. 5.2]
Suggest the method of pollination in this wheat flower.
Give two reasons for your answer.
method ...........................................................................................................................
reasons ..........................................................................................................................

(i) Name the chemical reaction that uses up and produces the gases.
......................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name the gas used up during this chemical reaction.
......................................................................................................................................

(iii) Name the gas released during this chemical reaction.
......................................................................................................................................

(iv) Suggest and explain three reasons why most of the grains in the pit did not germinate or decay.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................

Complete the sentences about the contents of a nucleus by writing the most appropriate word in each space.

Use only words from the box.



Chromosomes are long threads of ....................... made up of many ........................ .

Two or more alternative forms of a gene, are called ........................ .

A ....................... nucleus contains a single set of unpaired ........................ . These nuclei are found in ........................ .

(a) Fig. 7.1 shows a carbon cycle.
[Image_1: Fig. 7.1]
(i) Write the letter of an arrow, A, B, C, D, E, or F as shown in Fig. 7.1, that represents each of the following processes.
combustion ..........................................................................................................................
photosynthesis .........................................................................................................................
respiration .............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) Many of the world’s governments are concerned that the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere keeps rising.
Explain why they are concerned about the rise in carbon dioxide concentration.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Gazelles are herbivores that eat grass.
Oxpecker birds feed on ticks that live on the skin of gazelles.
Ticks suck blood from the gazelles.
(i) Draw a food chain to represent these feeding relationships. [2]
(ii) State what the arrows represent in a food chain.
................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain why a food chain is not considered to be a cycle like the carbon cycle.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. [3]

Throughout the world there are almost equal numbers of female and male babies born. The sex of a baby is determined by the sex chromosomes.

(a) State the sex chromosomes present in a female and a male. Use X and Y to represent the sex chromosomes.

female ..............................................................
male .............................................................. [2]

(b) Complete the genetic diagram to show the inheritance of sex in humans.

parent                female                                                             male
parental chromosomes ...............     ...............
gametes                          O                       O
                                                        O                       O

offspring chromosomes ...............       ...............       ...............       ...............
offspring                           ....................       ....................       ....................       .................... [3]

The enzyme lactase digests lactose into simple sugars.

(a) Define the term _enzyme_.

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...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe how you could test for the presence of reducing sugars.
State what you would observe if the result was positive.

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(c) Fig. 9.1 shows the results of an investigation into the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme lactase.



Fig. 9.1

(i) Use Fig. 9.1 to determine the optimum pH of lactase.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the effect of the changes in pH on the activity of lactase.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) Enzymes are involved in chemical digestion.
Explain the role of teeth in physical digestion.
......................................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants.
(a) (i) Leaves absorb light energy and this is converted into chemical energy.
State where in leaves this energy change takes place.
............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
water + ............................... $\rightarrow$ oxygen + ............................... [2]
(b) Describe how water enters a plant from the soil.
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