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The diagram shows a leaf on a plant.
Which characteristic of life is represented by this diagram?
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579
The diagram shows how _Homo sapiens_ (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors.
Which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
539
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529
The photomicrograph shows part of an animal cell.
What is the structure labelled X?
523
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Which features are possessed by all plant cells?
[Table_1]
513
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541
The diagram shows part of the skin.
What is the correct level of organisation for the skin?
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535
The diagram shows a test-tube containing clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the middle of the jelly.
The blue colour of the ink spreads throughout the jelly.
By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?
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The apparatus shown was set up.
Some hours later, the water in the beaker had turned blue, and the liquid in the glass tube had moved upwards.
Which processes caused these changes?
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Four solutions were tested to see whether they contained protein, starch or glucose.
The colours of the solutions after the tests are recorded in the table.
Which solution contained protein and glucose but not starch?
[Table_1]
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Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?
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The diagrams show a protease enzyme catalysing the breaking of part of a protein molecule into smaller pieces.
Which diagram has three correct labels?
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The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the balance between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration taking place at the same time?
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The diagram shows a cross-section of a leaf as seen under a microscope.
Which structure is a palisade mesophyll cell?
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The chart is used to find a person’s recommended mass.
For the data provided about body mass and height, which person would benefit most from the introduction of a calorie-controlled diet and regular exercise?
[Table_1]
515
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544
The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine.
How does this affect the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries and the intestinal contents?
[Table_1]
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581
A student investigates the breakdown of fats in milk by lipase. Four test-tubes labelled A to D are set up.
The table shows the contents of each test-tube.
In which test-tube will the contents become acidic most quickly?
[Table_1]
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A celery stalk was placed into a beaker of blue dye. When the dye reached the leaves, the stalk was taken out and a section was cut, as shown in the diagram. Which diagram shows the appearance of the cut end of the stalk?
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The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period.
[Table_1]
What conclusion can be drawn from the table?
593
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591
The diagram shows some of the transport tissues in a plant root.
Which row about tissues Y and Z in the diagram is correct?
[Table_1]
571
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542
The diagram shows cross-sections through three types of blood vessel, not drawn to the same scale.
Which section is from a vein and which is from a capillary?
591
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505
The diagram shows one way the body defends itself against pathogens.
What is the name of this defence mechanism?
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The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?
514
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571
Potted plants are left for a week in a tank of water as shown.
Why do the plants die?
583
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547
Which statement about both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is correct?
566
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508
The components of a reflex arc are shown in the flow diagram.
receptor \( \rightarrow \) sensory neurone \( \rightarrow \) synapse \( \rightarrow \) relay neurone \( \rightarrow \) synapse \( \rightarrow \) motor neurone \( \rightarrow \) effector
Which component is responsible for ensuring that the nerve impulses travel in one direction only?
507
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515
Which statement about light receptors in the retina of a normal human eye is correct?
558
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506
A patient is injected with adrenaline. Which graph shows the expected changes to pulse rate and blood glucose concentration?
553
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507
The diagram represents a synapse in the brain involved in the perception of pain.
Which labelled molecule represents heroin?
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A human zygote is a diploid cell. Which statement about human diploid cells is correct?
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Which feature allows the sperm to dissolve the jelly coating of the egg cell?
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The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
542
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Why is the allele for sickle-cell anaemia common in some parts of the world?
599
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503
Which statement describes how a species becomes adapted to its environment?
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Decomposers play an important role in the carbon cycle. They release carbon dioxide.
Which process is responsible for this?
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554
Which term describes a group of organisms of one species, living in the same area, at the same time?
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571
The diagram shows a bacterial cell.
Which part of its structure is particularly useful in genetic engineering? .
595
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598
What can be managed sustainably?
510
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571
Large areas of tropical forests have been cleared to grow monocultures of palm oil plants. Which effect will this have on the ecosystem?
577
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576
