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Samples of four gases are released in a room at the same time.
The gases are carbon dioxide, CO2, hydrogen chloride, HCl, hydrogen sulfide, H2S, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
Which gas diffuses fastest?
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A student is asked to measure the time taken for 0.4 g of magnesium carbonate to react completely with 25.0 cm$^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid. Which pieces of apparatus does the student need?
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Four different food colourings are analysed using chromatography.
The results are shown on the chromatogram. The diagram is not drawn to scale.
Which food colouring contains a component with an $R_{f}$ value of 0.3?
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Which statement about an ionic compound is not correct?
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An isotope of chromium is represented by $_{24}^{52}\text{Cr}$.
Which statement about an atom of this isotope of chromium is correct?
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Element X has two isotopes, $^{12}_{6} \text{X}$ and $^{14}_{6} \text{X}$.
Which statement about these isotopes is correct?
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How are the structures of diamond and silicon(IV) oxide similar?
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Which statement describes the structure of copper?
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Four fertilisers are each supplied in 100 kg bags. Which fertiliser supplies the greatest mass of nitrogen per 100 kg bag?
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Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
$\text{CaCO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2$
1.00 g of calcium carbonate is added to 50.0 cm$^3$ of 0.0500 mol/dm$^3$ hydrochloric acid.
Which volume of carbon dioxide is made in this reaction?
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Which rows correctly show cathode and anode products from the electrolysis of the named electrolyte?
[Table_1]
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What are the ionic half-equations for the electrode reactions during the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride?
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Which statements about endothermic reactions are correct?
1. The energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants.
2. The energy of the reactants is greater than the energy of the products.
3. The temperature of the surroundings increases during the reaction.
4. The temperature of the surroundings decreases during the reaction.
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Which gases are used to generate electricity in a fuel cell?
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Which is a chemical change?
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The rate of reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is increased by increasing the concentration of the acid. How does this affect the reacting particles? [Table_1]
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Dinitrogen tetroxide, $N_2O_4$, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, $NO_2$, in a reversible reaction.
$$N_2O_4(g)
ightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)$$
The forward reaction is endothermic.
Which conditions give the highest equilibrium yield of nitrogen dioxide?
[Table_1]
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The equation for the reaction between iron(II) sulfate and bromine is shown.
$6\text{FeSO}_4 + 3\text{Br}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Fe}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 + 2\text{FeBr}_3$
Which row identifies the oxidising agent and the reducing agent?
[Table_1]
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Which statement about amphoteric oxides is correct?
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Carbonic acid is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
What is the pH of the solution?
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A method used to make copper(II) sulfate crystals is shown.
1. Place dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker.
2. Warm the acid.
3. Add copper(II) oxide until it is in excess.
4. Filter the mixture.
5. Evaporate the filtrate until crystals start to form.
6. Leave the filtrate to cool.
What are the purposes of step 3 and step 4?
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Lead(II) sulfate is an insoluble salt.
Which process is not used to prepare a pure sample of this salt?
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Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element is used to provide an inert atmosphere?
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Which pair of elements reacts together most violently?
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Which pair of compounds shows that transition elements have variable oxidation states?
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Some properties of substance X are listed.
• It conducts electricity when molten.
• It has a high melting point.
• It burns in oxygen and the oxide dissolves in water to give a solution with pH 11.
What is X?
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Iron rusts but aluminium does not easily corrode.
Which statement explains why aluminium does not easily corrode?
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Which statement about the extraction of aluminium is correct?
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River water contains soluble impurities, insoluble impurities and bacteria.
River water is made safe to drink by filtration and chlorination.
Which statement is correct?
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Which physical property is used to separate the nitrogen and oxygen from air?
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The apparatus shown is set up and left for a week.
Which diagram shows the level of the water at the end of the week?
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Which statement about the carbon cycle is correct?
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Ammonium sulfate is used as a fertiliser.
It is made from ammonia and sulfuric acid.
Which words complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
The ......1...... is made by the ......2...... process in which ......3...... is used as a catalyst. [Table_1]
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Which process is used to obtain lime from limestone?
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Petroleum is separated by fractional distillation.
Which statement about the fractions produced is correct?
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Which products are obtained by the cracking of an alkane? [Table_1]
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Ethanol is manufactured by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene and by fermentation. Which statement describes an advantage of fermentation compared to the catalytic addition of steam to ethene?
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The diagram shows the structure of a monomer and of the polymer made from it.
What are the monomer and polymer?
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