AS & A Level Biology - 9700 Paper 1 2015 Winter Zone 1

Which size of ribosome is found in chloroplasts and typical prokaryotic cells?

Pancreatic cells have a diameter of 35\mu m.
Red blood cells have a diameter of 7000nm.
Which statement is correct?

Which process occurs in a mature red blood cell?

Which structures are present in a *Vibrio cholerae* cell?

Which features of microvilli and root hairs are correct? [Table_1]

Which order of organelles is correct when a protein is synthesised and secreted?

Which diagram shows the bond linking the individual units of both glycogen and amylose?

Tests for biological molecules were carried out on three solutions. The observations were as follows.
solution 1 Benedict’s test – blue to orange
solution 2 Benedict’s test after acid hydrolysis – blue to red
solution 3 biuret test – blue to purple
Which observations would show the solutions that contained sucrose and amylase?

Which row describes a triglyceride? [Table_1]

A solution containing equal masses of amylose and amylopectin is completely hydrolysed. Which molecules will be found after the hydrolysis?

When a lake begins to freeze, which properties of water are needed for fish to survive?
1. Water has a high surface tension.
2. Water has a high latent heat of vaporisation.
3. Water has a high thermal capacity.
4. Water has its maximum density at 4°C.
[Table_1]

The graph shows the energy levels involved in an enzyme-catalysed reaction. Substrate molecules X and Y combine to give product Z.
Which arrow shows the reduction in activation energy due to the enzyme?

Which statements about enzyme inhibitors are correct?
1. Competitive inhibitors may be similar shapes to the substrate.
2. Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site.
3. Non-competitive inhibitors alter the shape of the enzyme.
4. Non-competitive inhibitors bind to the substrate.

A fixed volume of the enzyme catalase was added to a fixed volume of hydrogen peroxide solution. The diagram shows how the amount of product changed over the course of the reaction. What explains the shape of this graph?

Which descriptions are correct about transport across cell surface membranes? [Table_1]

The statements are comparisons of endocytosis and exocytosis.
• Both are mechanisms that involve vesicles or vacuoles and the transport of materials across the cell surface membrane.
• Both mechanisms occur to allow bulk transport across the cell surface membrane.
• Endocytosis involves taking materials into the cell whereas exocytosis involves the release of materials from the cell.
• Some of the cell surface membrane is lost when endocytosis occurs and there is an increase in the cell surface membrane when exocytosis occurs.
How many of the statements are correct?

The diagram shows apparatus set up to investigate the effect of putting a 10% glucose solution in a selectively permeable bag (Visking tubing) and surrounding it with water.

Samples from the surrounding water were tested with Benedict’s solution after 10 minutes and after 20 minutes. The change in volume of glucose solution was observed after 20 minutes.
Which row is correct?
[Table_1]

The photomicrograph shows a cell during mitosis.
What is happening in this cell?
1 Centrioles are replicating.
2 Spindle microtubules are shortening.
3 Chromatin is condensing.

The diagram represents stages in the life cycle of an organism.

Which arrow represents a process that results in haploid cells and which represents mitosis?

The statements describe the features of some nucleic acids.
1. carry an amino acid to a ribosome
2. carry a genetic code sequence out of the nucleus
3. carry a genetic code sequence to a ribosome
Which functions are carried out only by mRNA?

The antibiotic chloramphenicol prevents prokaryotes from reproducing by inhibiting the enzyme which catalyses the formation of peptide bonds during translation. What will be prevented by the action of this antibiotic?

Which row shows two pairs of nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA? [Table_1]

By which process does sucrose move through phloem sieve tube elements?

The diagram shows the results of an experiment using leaves with the same surface area from two different species. Each leaf was left on a balance in daylight in a closed room and their mass recorded at 1 hour intervals.

What could explain these results?

Which description of the movement of water through a leaf is not correct?

Which changes to the water potential and the volume of liquid in the phloem occur when carbohydrate is taken out of a root into phloem sieve tubes?
[Table_1]

Which reactions take place in a capillary in the lungs?
1. carbonic acid is formed from carbon dioxide and water
2. carbaminohaemoglobin is formed from carbon dioxide and haemoglobin
3. haemoglobinic acid is formed from haemoglobin and hydrogen ions
4. carbon dioxide and water are formed from hydrogen carbonate ions and hydrogen ions

Red blood cells may contain a molecule known as 2,3-bisphoglycerate (2,3BPG). When 2,3BPG binds to haemoglobin, a higher partial pressure of oxygen is needed to bring about 50% saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen. Which statements about the effect of 2,3BPG are correct?
1. 2,3BPG in red blood cells causes the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the left.
2. The binding of 2,3BPG to haemoglobin lowers the affinity of the haemoglobin for oxygen.
3. Binding of 2,3BPG to haemoglobin reduces the Bohr effect.
4. When 2,3BPG is absent, oxyhaemoglobin is less likely to unload oxygen.

Which statements about arteries are correct?
1. Artery walls can resist high pressure.
2. Arteries pump blood out of the heart.
3. Blood in arteries has the same flow rate as in veins.
4. The pulse in arteries is the result of a surge in blood that causes expansion of the artery wall.
5. There are semilunar valves at the junction of arteries with the heart.

The graph shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle.
What is the heart rate in beats per minute?

Which statements are correct?
1. Tissue fluid has less protein and no red blood cells compared to plasma.
2. Lymph may contain lipids, carbon dioxide and phagocytes.
3. Tissue fluid contains glucose, amino acids, urea and carbon dioxide.

What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea?
[Table_1]

Which process leads to atherosclerosis?

Some symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are listed.
1. bursting of alveoli
2. increase in secretion of mucus
3. loss of elastic fibres
4. narrowing of airways
5. reduction in surface area for gaseous exchange
Which of these are also the symptoms of emphysema?

The diagram shows one way of testing the effect of an antibiotic on bacteria.

The table shows the results of testing five different types of bacteria. Zones of less than 13 mm show the presence of resistant bacteria.
[Table_1]
Which statement can be supported by this data?

What describes a function of a macrophage?

There has been an increase in the number of cases of the disease whooping cough.
A pregnant woman is vaccinated against whooping cough to protect the newborn baby from this disease.
How does the immune response of the mother help to protect a newborn baby from whooping cough?[Table_1]

A tree carries out photosynthesis and provides organic compounds for other organisms in a forest.
It takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and returns oxygen to the atmosphere.
It takes water from the soil into its roots and its leaves lose water to the atmosphere.
Many other organisms live in the tree.
Which term describes the tree?

The diagram shows the flow of energy through a food chain. Figures are in kJ m^{-2} year^{-1}.

What percentage of light energy is available to the herbivore?

Why does the application of nitrate fertilisers cause an increase in crop production?