AS & A Level Chemistry - 9701 Paper 1 2017 Winter Zone 3

Which formula represents the empirical formula of a compound?

The relative first ionisation energies of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers below 20 are shown on the graph.
One of the elements reacts with hydrogen to form a covalent compound with formula HX.
Which element could be X?
[Graph depicting first ionisation energy against atomic number with points labeled A, B, C, D]

In which structure are three atoms bonded together in a straight line?

In the sodium chloride lattice the number of chloride ions that surround each sodium ion is called the co-ordination number of the sodium ions.
What are the co-ordination numbers of the sodium ions and the chloride ions in the sodium chloride lattice?

A fluorescent light tube has an internal volume of 400 cm$^3$ and an internal pressure of 200 kPa.
It is filled with 0.03 moles of an ideal gas.
What is the temperature of the gas inside the fluorescent light tube?

One of the reactions in a lead/acid cell is shown.

$\text{Pb(s) + PbO}_2\text{(s) + 4H}^+\text{(aq) + 2SO}_4^{2-}\text{(aq)} \rightarrow 2\text{PbSO}_4\text{(s) + 2H}_2\text{O(l)}$

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

Iodine and propanone react according to the following equation.

$I_2(aq) + CH_3COCH_3(aq) \rightarrow CH_3COCH_2I(aq) + HI(aq)$

If the concentration of propanone is increased, keeping the total reaction volume constant, the rate of the reaction also increases.

What could be the reason for this?

Sulfur can be oxidised in two ways.

$\text{S(s) + O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{SO}_2(g) \quad \Delta H^\circ = -296.5 \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$
$\text{2S(s) + 3O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{2SO}_3(g) \quad \Delta H^\circ = -791.4 \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$

Sulfur trioxide can be made from sulfur dioxide and oxygen.

$\text{2SO}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{2SO}_3(g)$

What is the standard enthalpy change for this reaction?

Hydrogen iodide dissociates into hydrogen and iodine.

$2\text{HI}(g) \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2(g) + \text{I}_2(g)$

In an experiment, $b \text{ mol}$ of hydrogen iodide were put into a sealed vessel at pressure $p$. At equilibrium, $x \text{ mol}$ of the hydrogen iodide had dissociated.

Which expression for $K_p$ is correct?

The diagram shows the distribution of molecular energies in a sample of gas at a temperature $T_1$. The activation energy for an uncatalysed reaction of this gas, $E_{a( ext{uncat})}$, is shown.



Which diagram correctly shows the new distribution and new activation energy, $E_{a( ext{cat})}$, when the temperature is increased to $T_2$, and a catalyst is used that increases the rate of the reaction?

200g of water are at 25°C.
The water is heated to 75°C by burning 2g of ethanol.
What is the amount of energy transferred to the water?

The elements $Cl$, $Mg$, $Si$ and $S$ are all in Period 3.
What is the correct sequence of the melting points of these elements, from lowest to highest?
[Table_1]

An element Y reacts according to the following sequence.

What could be element Y?

Which compound would most usually be added to soil to reduce its acidity?

The mineral dolomite is a mixture of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. An aqueous reagent, X, was added to a small sample of dolomite. Effervescence was seen and a white solid, Y, was formed. What could be the correct identity of reagent X and solid Y?

Which fertiliser contains the greatest percentage of nitrogen by mass?

71.0 g of chlorine, $Cl_2$, react with an excess of sodium hydroxide solution at a particular temperature. The reaction produces exactly 35.5 g of product X.
What is product X?

Compound Q is a white crystalline solid which dissolves easily in water. When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to a dry sample of Q steamy white fumes are formed which, when passed through aqueous silver nitrate solution, form a white precipitate. This precipitate is soluble in dilute ammonia solution.
What could be the identity of compound Q?

The strengths of the covalent bonds within halogen molecules, and the van der Waals' forces between halogen molecules, vary going down Group 17 from chlorine to bromine to iodine.
Which row shows these correctly? [Table_1]

The structural formula of compound Q is shown.
How many stereoisomers exist with this structural formula?

What is the name of compound X?

Many, but not all, organic reactions need to be heated before a reaction occurs.
Which reaction occurs quickly at room temperature, 20°C?

A section of an addition polymer chain is shown.
Which monomer could be used to make this polymer?

Which organic reaction is an example of nucleophilic substitution?

Citric acid can be converted into tricarballylic acid in two stages. An intermediate, Q, is formed.

Which reagents are needed for each stage? [Table_1]

Glucose can be used to prepare sorbitol, a compound used as a sugar substitute.



Which reagent may be used for this conversion?

3-methylbutanone is treated with alkaline aqueous iodine. The mixture of products is then acidified.
Which compound is present in the final mixture of products?

At room temperature, propanoic acid was reacted to produce sodium propanoate. No gas was produced during the reaction.
What could the propanoic acid have reacted with?

Ethene is reacted with steam in the presence of concentrated $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$. The product of this reaction is added to acidified potassium dichromate(VI) and heated under reflux for one hour. The final organic product is collected and labelled X.
But-2-ene is treated with hot, concentrated, acidified potassium manganate(VII). The final organic product is collected and labelled Y.
Which statement is correct?

A sample of the ester $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ is hydrolysed. The product mixture is then treated with hot, acidified $\text{KMnO}_4$.
What are the final carbon-containing products?

The definitions of many chemical terms can be illustrated by chemical equations.
Which terms can be illustrated by an equation that includes the formation of a positive ion?
1. first ionisation energy
2. heterolytic fission of a covalent bond
3. enthalpy change of atomisation

A student makes sodium chloride by reacting together 0.025 mol of sodium carbonate with an excess of 0.2 mol dm^-3 hydrochloric acid.

$$\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2$$

Which statements about the quantities of substance are correct?

One way of recovering tin from old printed circuit boards is to dissolve it in a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid. The tin dissolves because it reacts with the mixture of these concentrated acids.

$\text{Sn} + 4\text{HCl} + 2\text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{SnCl}_4 + \text{NO}_2 + \text{NO} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$

Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1. Nitrogen is present in three different oxidation states in the reactants and products.
2. The oxidation state of tin increases from 0 to +4.
3. The oxidation state of chlorine remains the same.

The following reaction takes place in a suitable solvent.
$$\text{Na}^+\text{NH}_2^- + \text{NH}_4^+\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Na}^+\text{Cl}^- + 2\text{NH}_3$$
Which statements explain why this reaction should be classified as a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?

Which statements about the elements barium and calcium and their compounds are correct?
1. Barium nitrate decomposes at a higher temperature than calcium nitrate.
2. Barium hydroxide is more soluble in water than is calcium hydroxide.
3. Calcium is more reactive with water than is barium.

Which statements explain why nitrogen gas is unreactive?
1. Nitrogen atoms are highly electronegative.
2. Nitrogen molecules are non-polar.
3. The triple bond between nitrogen atoms is very strong.

In which molecules do all the carbon atoms lie in the same plane?

A reaction pathway diagram is shown.
Which reactions would have this reaction pathway diagram?
1. $\text{(CH}_3\text{)CBr} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{(CH}_3\text{)COH} + \text{NaBr}$
2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{NaBr}$
3. $\text{(CH}_3\text{)CCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + 2\text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \text{(CH}_3\text{)CCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$

The compounds below are used to make perfumes.
Which compounds will produce a yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine?

The reaction of ethanal, $CH_3CHO$, with $HCN$ to form 2-hydroxypropanenitrile is catalysed by $NaCN$.
What are features of the intermediate of this reaction?
1. It is chiral.
2. It has a single negative charge on one of its atoms.
3. It is a nucleophile.