AS & A Level Chemistry - 9701 Paper 1 2018 Summer Zone 2

Which feature is present in both ethene and poly(ethene)?

The electronic configuration of an atom of sulfur is $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^4$.
How many valence shell and unpaired electrons are present in one sulfur atom?
[Table_1]

In which pair does the second substance have a \textit{lower} boiling point than the first substance?

Compound J burns in excess oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water only. When a 3.00 g sample of compound J is burnt in excess oxygen, 4.40 g of carbon dioxide and 1.80 g of water are formed. What is the empirical formula of J?

The gases X and Y react to form Z.

$X(g) + Y(g) \rightleftharpoons Z(g)$

An equilibrium mixture of these three gases is compressed at constant temperature.

What will be the changes in the mole fraction of Z and in $K_p$?

[Table_1]

Which gas is likely to deviate most from ideal gas behaviour?

The enthalpy change of reaction 1 is $-114 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}$.

$$2\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4\text{(aq)} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}$$

By using this information, what is the most likely value for the enthalpy change of reaction 2?

$$\text{Ba(OH)}_2\text{(aq)} + 2\text{HCl(aq)} \rightarrow \text{BaCl}_2\text{(aq)} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}$$

Sulfur reacts with concentrated nitric acid in a redox reaction.

$S + 4HNO_3 \rightarrow SO_2 + 4NO_2 + 2H_2O$

What are the changes in oxidation number of sulfur and of nitrogen in this reaction?

Materials can be classified by their chemical structures. Four common types of structure are metallic, ionic, simple molecular and giant molecular.

Some physical properties of four substances are shown in the table.

Which substance has a simple molecular structure?

[Table_1]

In a particular reversible reaction the yield of product is increased
・if the temperature is increased;
・if the pressure is decreased.
Which equation could describe this reversible reaction?

A chemical company used a catalyst in a chemical process. The company has now decided not to use the catalyst but to increase the temperature so that the rate of the reaction is the same as it was when the catalyst was used.

Which statement about the new conditions compared to the original conditions is correct?

Which oxide does not react with cold, dilute sodium hydroxide to produce a salt?

The graphs show trends in four physical properties of elements in Period 3, excluding argon. Which graph has electronegativity on the $y$-axis?

In this question, X represents an atom of chlorine, bromine or iodine.
Which explanation for the variation in volatility down Group 17 is correct?

To manufacture cement, 1000 million tonnes of limestone are decomposed each year. To manufacture lime for agriculture, 200 million tonnes of limestone are decomposed each year.
What is the total mass of carbon dioxide in million tonnes produced from these two processes in a year?

In Group 2 of the Periodic Table, the properties of the elements and their compounds show regular change down the group. Which property shows a decrease from magnesium to barium?

When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium bromide, bromine gas is produced, along with a number of other products. However when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride only hydrogen chloride and sodium hydrogensulfate are produced. What is the reason for this difference?

The dative covalent bond can be represented by an arrow, →. The arrow points towards the atom receiving the lone pair.
Which diagram of an ammonium ion is correct?

Sulfur dioxide can be catalytically oxidised by an oxide of nitrogen in the atmosphere. Which reaction shows the regeneration of the catalyst?

Compound Y is treated with an excess of hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The product is fully saturated. What is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the product?

Which equation represents a valid propagation step in the chlorination of ethane?

Maleic acid is used in the food industry and for stabilising drugs. It is the cis-isomer of butenedioic acid and has the structural formula $HO_2CCH=CHCO_2H$.
What is the product formed from the reaction of maleic acid with cold, dilute, acidified manganate(VII) ions?

Primary halogenoalkanes undergo hydrolysis reactions.
Which reaction would occur most rapidly if they are all warmed to the same temperature?

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.
A colourless liquid, $C_5H_{11}Cl$, exists as a mixture of two optical isomers.
When heated with sodium hydroxide in ethanol, a mixture of only two alkenes is formed.
What could the colourless liquid be?

When warm water is added to halogenoalkane X, an $S_N1$ reaction occurs.
$\text{AgNO}_3\text{(aq)}$ is then added; a yellow precipitate is formed.
What could be X?

Which alcohol will react with an acidified solution of potassium dichromate(VI) to produce a ketone containing six carbon atoms?

Which statement about butanone is correct?

Ethanol, CH₃CHO, is used to make product R in a three-stage synthesis.

Two molecules of Q react to give one molecule of R plus two molecules of water.
R has two ester functional groups in each molecule. R does not react with sodium.
What is the empirical formula of R?

The ester ethyl butanoate can be hydrolysed using an excess of dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
Which substance is a product of this reaction?

The infra-red spectrum of an organic compound is shown.
Which compound could give this spectrum?

For complete combustion, 1 mol of an organic compound X requires 2.5 mol of O₂.
Which compounds could be X?
1. C₂H₅OH
2. C₂H₂
3. CH₃CHO
[Refer to table for options]

In which pairs do both species have the same number of electrons?

For which reactions does the value of $\Delta H^\circ$ represent both a standard enthalpy change of combustion and a standard enthalpy change of formation?
1. C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)
2. 2C(s) + O₂(g) → 2CO(g)
3. CO(g) + $\frac{1}{2}$O₂(g) → CO₂(g)

The temperature of a reversible gas phase reaction is increased.
Which statements are always correct?
1. More product is present at equilibrium.
2. The average speed of the particles increases.
3. There are more successful collisions per unit time.

Three samples of chlorine gas each contain 0.710 g of chlorine. Each sample is reacted with a reagent.
• In the first reaction a sample is reacted completely with hydrogen gas.
• In the second reaction a sample is reacted completely with cold NaOH(aq).
• In the third reaction a sample is reacted completely with hot NaOH(aq).

Which masses of the named products would be formed?

Solid barium oxide is added to some ammonium sulfate solution in a test-tube and the mixture is warmed. A piece of damp red litmus paper is held over the mouth of the test-tube.
Which observations would be made?
1. The damp litmus paper initially turns from red to blue.
2. A white precipitate forms in the test-tube.
3. A brown gas is evolved with strong heating.

Which compounds show geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism?
1. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH} = \text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5$
2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH} = \text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$
3. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{CH} = \text{CHC}_2\text{H}_5$

Which pairs of compounds may be distinguished from each other by testing with alkaline aqueous iodine?

The diagram shows an experimental set-up which can be used in several different experiments.

Which processes could be demonstrated by using the above apparatus?
1. oxidation of ethanol (liquid X)
2. dehydration of ethanol (liquid X)
3. cracking of paraffin (liquid X)

The ester $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{CO}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ can be made in a school or college laboratory by a sequence of four reactions or fewer using compound Z as the only organic material.
What might be the identity of compound Z?