Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2014 Summer Zone 1

Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals. They are not drawn to the same scale.

Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the mammals shown in Fig. 1.1.
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the names of the five mammals.
[Table_1]
Key

(a) (i) Name the mammal that has an average body mass of 1300 kg.
.............................................................. [1]

(ii) State the average heart rate of a guinea pig.
.................................... beats per minute [1]

(iii) Name the mammal that has an average heart rate of 30 beats per minute.
.............................................................. [1]

(iv) Calculate how many times faster the heart of a rabbit beats than that of a buffalo.
Show your working.
.............................................................. [2]

(b) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average heart rate, shown in Fig. 2.1.
.............................................................. [1]

(c) When the heart beats, it pumps blood round the body. Fig. 2.2 shows the components of blood as seen through a light microscope.
[Image: Fig.2.2]
Name the blood components labelled F, G and H in Fig. 2.2.
State one function for each component.
Write your answers in Table 2.1.
[Table 2.1]

(d) Fig. 2.3 shows a diagram representing part of the human circulatory system.
The arrows indicate the direction of blood flow.
[Image: Fig.2.3]
On Fig. 2.3, label the lines that represent:
• the aorta;
• the hepatic portal vein.
[2]

(e) Some students carried out an investigation into the effect of exercise on heart rate. Their results are shown in Table 2.2.
[Table 2.2]
Explain why exercise caused the average heart rate to increase.
.............................................................. [3]

(a) Table 3.1 contains six statements about different methods of birth control. Only three of the statements are correct.
Read each statement carefully and decide if it is correct. Place a tick (✔) in the box next to each correct statement.

[Table_1]

Table 3.1
| statement about method of birth control | correct? |
| --- | --- |
| A chemical in spermicidal cream kills the sperm. | |
| In a vasectomy only one of the sperm ducts of a man needs to be cut so that sperm cannot pass along it. | |
| The condom and femidom both work by catching the sperm in a thin rubber bag. | |
| The diaphragm is effective in birth control as it prevents the penis entering the vagina. | |
| The female contraceptive pill prevents an egg cell being released. | |
| The IUD is a device that stops sperm swimming through the cervix. | |
[3]

(b) State which method of birth control is effective at preventing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Explain why it is effective.

Method ..............................................................................................................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) The *rhythm method* is another type of birth control. It is less reliable than other methods.
(i) Outline how the rhythm method works.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Suggest a reason why the rhythm method is used, even though it is not very reliable.
.................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. [1]

Fig. 4.1 shows part of the carbon cycle.


(a) Name the processes labelled A, B, C and D in Fig. 4.1. Write your answers in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1
[Table_1]

(b) Name a compound containing carbon:

(i) that is found in grass,
............................................................................................................[1]

(ii) that is found in zebras.
............................................................................................................[1]

(c) When a zebra dies, the carbon in its body is eventually returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.

Explain how this happens.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................[3]

(d) State two human activities that are increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................[2]

(a) Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a leaf.

Fig. 5.2 names some structures found in a leaf and states a function of each of these structures.
On Fig. 5.2, draw one straight line between each structure and the function it carries out.

[Table_1]

(b) Xylem vessels transport water into the leaf.
State two other functions of xylem vessels.
1 ..............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Some of the glucose made in the leaf is changed into another compound and stored by the plant.
Name this compound.
............................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Some of the structures in the leaf are involved in transpiration.
Define transpiration.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... [2]

Fig. 6.1 shows a diagram of the alimentary canal.

(a) Use the letters on Fig. 6.1 to identify:
the colon, ..................
the pancreas, ..................
the stomach. ..................
[3]

(b) State one function for each of these parts of the alimentary canal.
colon .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
pancreas ........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
stomach .........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) (i) On Fig. 6.1 draw a line to show where bile is made. Label it X.
[1]

(ii) State the action that bile has on fats in the small intestine.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) Explain how this action speeds up the digestion of fats.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Digested food is absorbed as it passes along the small intestine.
Explain how this absorption takes place.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3]

Fig. 7.1 shows a food web.
[Image_1: Food web diagram]
(a) State what the arrows on Fig. 7.1 represent.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the information in Fig. 7.1 to give:
the name of a producer, ......................................................................................................................
the name of a secondary consumer, .............................................................................................
the number of herbivore species present, ...................................................................................
the number of carnivore species present. .................................................................................. [4]
(c) Name an organism in this food web that occupies two trophic levels.
..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(a) (i) Name the type of cell division that forms gametes (sperm cells and egg cells).
......................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the difference between the number of chromosomes in gametes and the number of chromosomes in other body cells.
.........................................................................................................
......................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The sex of a human is determined by the sex chromosomes, X and Y.
State which sex chromosomes are present in a male and in a female.
male ............................
female ............................ [2]

(c) (i) Define the term *allele*.
.........................................................................................................
......................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The fur colour in a species of mouse can be black or white. The allele for black fur is dominant to the allele for white fur.
Fig. 8.1 shows the cross between a mouse that is homozygous for black fur and a mouse that is homozygous for white fur.

parental phenotype: black fur \( imes \) white fur
parental genotype: BB \( imes \) bb

!
Fig. 8.1

All the offspring are black and have the genotype Bb.
Two of these offspring were mated together.
Complete Fig. 8.2 to show the results of this cross.

parental phenotype: black fur \( imes \) black fur
parental genotype: ................. \( imes \) .................
gametes: ○ + ○ \( imes \) ○ + ○
offspring genotype: ............. ............. ............. .............
offspring phenotype: ............. ............. ............. .............
ratio: ................. black : .................. white

!
Fig. 8.2 [5]

(d) In an investigation, a mouse with black fur and a mouse with white fur were mated several times. A total of 40 offspring were produced.
There were 19 offspring with black fur and 21 with white fur.
Deduce the genotype of the parent that had black fur.
genotype ................................................. [1]