Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Supplement Paper 4 2014 Winter Zone 3

(a) Table 1.1 shows some structural features of the animal cell and the plant cell in Fig. 1.1.

Complete the table by
• finishing the row for nucleus
• adding three structural features, visible in Fig. 1.1, and indicating whether they are present (✓) or absent (×) in the animal cell and in the plant cell.

Table 1.1
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text{structural feature} & \text{animal cell} & \text{plant cell} \\ \hline \text{cell wall} & \times & \checkmark \\ \hline \text{nucleus} & & \\ \hline & & \\ \hline & & \\ \hline & & \\ \hline \end{array}\]

(b) The cells were kept in a dilute salt solution. They were then transferred to distilled water.

Explain what will happen to each of these two cells when they are placed into distilled water.
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(c) Magnesium is a plant nutrient. Scientists think that magnesium is involved in the transport of sucrose from the leaves to the rest of a plant.

(i) Name the tissue that transports sucrose in plants.
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The scientists grew some tomato plants with their roots in a solution that contained all the mineral nutrients that plants require. After a while, the plants were divided into two groups.
• Group A continued to receive the solution containing all the nutrients.
• Group B received a solution that did not contain any magnesium.

After 12 days, measurements were made on the leaves and the results are shown in Fig. 1.2.



(ii) Describe the effect of magnesium deficiency on the transport of sucrose out of the leaves and the sucrose concentration in the leaves.
transport of sucrose out of the leaves .................................................................
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concentration of sucrose in the leaves .................................................................
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(iii) The plants in Group B remained in the magnesium-deficient solution for longer than 12 days. At the end of this time they showed symptoms of magnesium deficiency.

Describe and explain the symptoms that the plants would show.
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(a) Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited disease. The gene for haemoglobin exists in two forms, $Hb^N$ and $Hb^S$. People who are $Hb^S Hb^S$ have the disease and experience symptoms including fatigue and extreme pain in their joints. People who are $Hb^N Hb^S$ are carriers of the disease and may have mild symptoms, if any at all.

(i) Table 2.1 shows four genetic terms.
Complete Table 2.1 by stating a specific example, used in the paragraph above, of each genetic term.

[Table_1]

$$\text{Table 2.1}$$
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\text{genetic term} & \text{example used in the passage} \\
\hline
\text{an allele} & \\\
\hline
\text{a heterozygous genotype} & \\\
\hline
\text{a homozygous genotype} & \\\
\hline
\text{phenotype} & \\\
\hline
\end{array}

$[4]$

(ii) Sickle cell anaemia is not found throughout the whole world. Most cases of the disease occur in sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of Asia. The distribution is similar to that for the infectious disease malaria.
Explain why the distribution of sickle cell anaemia and malaria are similar.
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[5]

(b) Down’s syndrome is an example of a characteristic that shows discontinuous variation.
State the cause of Down’s syndrome.
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(c) Explain how discontinuous variation differs from continuous variation, in its expression and cause.
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(a) Define the term growth.
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(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the events that follow fertilisation in a human.

(i) Name structures A, B and C.
A ..............................................................................................................
B ..............................................................................................................
C ..............................................................................................................[3]
(ii) State the process that is occurring at D and the process that is occurring at E.
D ..............................................................................................................
E ..............................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Suggest how the embryo is moved along the oviduct.
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Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled fungus.
(a) State one reason why yeast is classified as a fungus and not as a bacterium.
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(b) A student investigated the anaerobic respiration of yeast to find out how the yeast population changed and how much alcohol was produced over a period of 14 hours.
Complete and balance the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.
$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow ext{......................} + ext{......................}$ [2]
(c) The student set up a small fermenter containing:
• 1.0 g dry yeast
• 250 cm³ glucose solution
• a solution containing ammonium compounds as a source of nitrogen.
The fermenter is shown in Fig. 4.1.

Explain the importance of each of the following:
(i) the water jacket
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(ii) a source of nitrogen
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(iii) the air lock.
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(d) Fig. 4.2 shows the change in the yeast population and in the alcohol content in the student's fermenter.

(i) Describe the changes in the population of yeast.
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(ii) Explain the changes you have described.
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(e) Name two industrial processes that rely on anaerobic respiration of yeast.
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(a) A researcher carried out four experiments, A to D, to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of cucumber plants. The experiments were carried out at two concentrations of carbon dioxide and at two temperatures.

The results are shown in Fig. 5.1.



(i) Use the results in Fig. 5.1 to identify the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at the light intensities given in Table 5.1.

Write your answers in Table 5.1.

[Table_1]

(ii) Define the term limiting factor.
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(b) (i) Suggest the reason for using a grid instead of a solid base for the composting unit.
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(ii) The sponge was soaked in sulfuric acid to remove any ammonia gas released by the decomposing material (compost).

Explain how the ammonia was produced.
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(c) Two glasshouses were used in this investigation. One glasshouse contained composting units and the other did not. Each glasshouse contained the same number and type of crop plants.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in both glasshouses was measured at midday.

The results are shown in Fig. 5.3.



(i) State why a glasshouse without composting units was used in the investigation.
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(ii) Describe the results shown in Fig. 5.3.
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(d) At the end of the investigation the crop plants were harvested and weighed. Table 5.2 gives the results.

[Table_2]

Use the information in Fig. 5.3 and in Table 5.2 to summarise the results of the study.
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Fig. 6.1 shows the movement of the ribs and the diaphragm during breathing in.

(a) State what happens to the following structures during breathing in.
diaphragm..............................................................................................................................................
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ribcage ..............................................................................................................................................
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external intercostal muscles ..............................................................................................................................................
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(b) Explain the effect of strenuous physical activity on the pH of the blood.
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