Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2014 Winter Zone 2

Fig. 1.1 shows five invertebrates that can harm humans.

Use the key to identify the invertebrates shown in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter for each organism in the key.
[Table_1: description, name of organism, letter]
1 (a) body divided into visible segments go to 3
(b) body not divided into visible segments go to 2
2 (a) four pairs of legs present Amblyomma americanum
(b) three pairs of legs present Pthirus pubis
3 (a) bristles present on body Aedes aegypti
(b) no bristles present on body go to 4
4 (a) hooks on head Taenia solium
(b) no hooks on head Hirudo medicinalis

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the relationship between body height and body mass in humans. People can be placed into categories according to this relationship, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
(i) Table 2.1 gives the height and mass of four students. Use the information in Fig. 2.1 to complete the last column in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text{student} & \text{height/m} & \text{mass/kg} & \text{category} \\ \hline \text{G} & 1.5 & 73 & \\ \text{H} & 1.7 & 65 & \\ \text{J} & 1.8 & 55 & \\ \text{K} & 1.8 & 85 & \\ \hline\end{array}\] [2]
(ii) Suggest two ways in which Fig. 2.1 could be improved to make it apply to everyone.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................................................
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(b) An obese student wishes to lose weight.
(i) Name two classes of food that need to be reduced in the diet of an obese person to help lose weight.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) People who are trying to lose weight are also advised to take more exercise. Explain how this would help them lose weight.
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(iii) People who are obese are more likely to develop certain diseases than people who are the correct weight. Name a disease that is linked to obesity.
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(c) A balanced diet includes food that provides fibre (roughage).
Name a food that is a good source of fibre and explain why it is important to include fibre in the diet.
source .........................................................................................................................................................
importance ..................................................................................................................................................
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(a) Fig. 3.1 shows the female reproductive system.

State the names of the structures labelled L, M and N and give a function for each structure. Write your answers in Table 3.1.

(b) Inheritance of sex in humans is controlled by two chromosomes which are given the symbols X and Y.

Fig. 3.2 is a flow diagram showing how two parents can produce a female baby.

Complete Fig. 3.2 by:

• writing in each circle on Fig. 3.2, the symbols for the sex chromosomes that are present

• writing in each box on Fig. 3.2, the name of the type of cell division that occurs.

(a) Fig. 4.1 shows a section through an insect-pollinated flower. The structures in the flower are labelled by letters.
[Image_1: Fig. 4.1]
Table 4.1 describes the functions of four of the flower parts.
Complete Table 4.1 by writing the letter that identifies the flower part that carries out each function.
[Table_1: Table 4.1]
function of flower part | letter
forms the seed |
produces pollen |
protects the flower bud |
receives the pollen |
[4 marks]

(b) Insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure.
Complete Table 4.2 by:
• stating how the stamens and pollen of wind-pollinated flowers are different from those of insect-pollinated flowers
• giving a reason for each of the differences.
An example for the petal has been completed for you.
[Table_2: Table 4.2]
flower part | difference | reason for the difference
petal | wind-pollinated flowers have small petals that are not brightly coloured | wind-pollinated flowers do not need to attract insects
stamen | |
pollen | |
[4 marks]

Fig. 5.1 shows the water cycle.
Letters have been used to represent different processes that take place in the cycle.



Identify the different processes represented by letters L, M, N, P, Q and R and name them in Table 5.1.

[Table_1]

Table 5.1
letter representing the process | name of process in the water cycle
L
M
N
P
Q
R

(a) The list states some of the roles of organisms in a food chain.

carnivore      decomposer      herbivore      primary consumer
producer      secondary consumer      tertiary consumer

In each box on Fig. 6.1, use two terms from the list to describe the roles of the organisms in food chain A and food chain B.
Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

[Image_1: Diagram of Fig. 6.1 showing two food chains with terms to be filled in boxes]

(b) Define the term trophic level.

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(c) A student described a food chain found in his garden.

• One bush has hundreds of aphids on it.
The aphids suck liquid from the phloem of the bush to get their food.
• The aphids are eaten by large beetles.
• All the beetles have many parasites on their bodies.
The parasites suck liquids from the bodies of the beetles for their food.

Fig. 6.2 shows part of the pyramid of numbers for this food chain.

Complete Fig. 6.2 by:
• sketching in the two missing boxes
• labelling the four boxes with the names of the organisms.

[Image_2: Diagram of Fig. 6.2 representing a pyramid of numbers]
[2]

Humans carry out aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

(a) Compare the two types of respiration by completing Table 7.1.

Place a tick (✔) to show which statements are correct for each type of respiration in humans.

Table 7.1

| statement | aerobic respiration | anaerobic respiration |
|-----------------------------|---------------------|-----------------------|
| produces lactic acid | | |
| releases carbon dioxide | | |
| uses glucose | | |
| uses oxygen | | |


[4]

(b) Athletes compete in races of different distances.

Fig. 7.1 shows the percentage of energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration during these races.


Fig. 7.1

Use Fig. 7.1 to:
(i) state the percentage of energy that is provided by anaerobic respiration in a 100m race
$\text{..................................} \%$ [1]

(ii) state the length of race in which 96\% of the energy is provided by aerobic respiration
$\text{..................................} \text{m}$ [1]

(iii) state the length of race where the total energy released by each type of respiration is equal.
$\text{..................................} \text{m}$ [1]

(c) State two conclusions that can be made from the data shown in Fig. 7.1.
1 $\text{..............................................................}$
$\text{..............................................................}$

2 $\text{..............................................................}$
$\text{..............................................................}$

[2]

Fig. 8.1 shows a section through a leaf. The leaf is adapted to carry out photosynthesis in the plant.

(a) (i) Give the word equation for photosynthesis.[2]

(ii) State the function of the chloroplasts in photosynthesis.[2]

(iii) Describe how the chloroplasts are distributed in the mesophyll layers of the leaf and explain how this distribution is important for efficient photosynthesis. [2]

(b) (i) Explain the role of stomata in the process of photosynthesis.[2]

(ii) Explain the function of the cuticle in a leaf.[2]

(c) To grow, a plant needs a supply of nitrate ions. Explain the reason for this. [2]

Fig. 9.1 shows processes that are carried out by organs in the human body.
Draw one line from each process to the organ where the process takes place.
You will need to draw five lines.

[Image_1: ]
Fig. 9.1