AS & A Level Biology - 9700 Paper 1 2014 Summer Zone 1

What best describes an electron microscope in comparison with a light microscope?

Where would cisternae be found in a cell?
1. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. mitochondrion

Which adaptation would increase active transport of carbohydrates from a plant cell?

What is the order of size of cell structures? [Table_1]

The diagram shows some similarities between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and typical prokaryotes.

Which row is correct?

A student carried out four tests for biological molecules on a solution. The results are shown in the table.
[Table_1]
Which three molecules may be present in this solution?

The molecule shown is a polymer of reducing sugars.
Which procedures could be carried out in order to test for the presence of the reducing sugars in this molecule?
1. Add hydrolytic enzyme and then heat with Benedict’s reagent.
2. Dissolve in water, neutralise and then heat with Benedict’s reagent.
3. Boil with hydrochloric acid, neutralise and then heat with Benedict’s reagent.

Which molecules show the structure of $\alpha$-glucose and of $\beta$-glucose?

In unsaturated lipid molecules, where are double bonds located?

The diagram shows the structure of four amino acids in solution.
Which of these four amino acids have an overall charge?

Which level of organisation of a haemoglobin molecule is coded by a DNA molecule?

The statements are about enzymes.
1. They are globular proteins.
2. They are formed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
3. They are only found attached to plasma membranes in the cell.
4. They can be inhibited by competitive inhibitors.
Which statements are correct for all enzymes?

An unusual enzyme has been found in a tropical grass.
• It catalyses the hydrolysis of the fungal polysaccharide, chitin, into amino sugars.
• It also inhibits the activity of an enzyme in locust guts which catalyses the digestion of amylose.
What describes the actions of this unusual enzyme?
[Table_1]

The fluidity of the cell surface membrane can be changed by a number of factors. As the fluidity of cell surface membranes decreases, which process would be least changed?

Which molecules in cell surface membranes contribute to cell recognition?

Which is correct for facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Which features increase the efficiency of ion uptake by a root hair cell?
1. many mitochondria in the cell
2. high concentration of ions in the vacuole
3. protein carriers in the cell surface membrane

Which processes occur by mitosis?
1 cloning of plasma cells
2 gamete production
3 replacing damaged cells

The diagram shows crosses between wild wheat and two types of grass.

What is the chromosome number of the fertile hybrid 2?

The diagram shows a human cell (2n = 46) at the end of prophase of mitosis (cell 1) and the daughter cells just after telophase (cells 2 and 3). How many DNA molecules are there in the nucleus of cell 1 and cell 2?

Which diagram represents a correct base pair of DNA?

Part of the amino acid sequences in normal and sickle cell haemoglobin are shown.
normal haemoglobin: thr-pro-glu-glu
sickle cell haemoglobin: thr-pro-val-glu
Possible mRNA codons for these amino acids are shown below.
glutamine (glu) GAA GAG
proline (pro) CCU CCC
threonine (thr) ACU ACC
valine (val) GUA GUG
Which tRNA molecule is not involved in the formation of this part of the sickle cell haemoglobin?

Two sets of bacteria were grown using different types of nitrogen-containing growth media.
One set was grown in a medium containing the ‘heavy’ isotope of nitrogen, $^{15}N$, until all the DNA was labelled. The other set were grown in a medium containing the ‘light’ isotope of nitrogen, $^{14}N$, until all the DNA was labelled.
The DNA from each set of bacteria was extracted and centrifuged. The diagram shows the position in the centrifuge tubes of this DNA.

Bacteria with $^{15}N$ labelled DNA were transferred to a medium containing $^{14}N$ and allowed to reproduce once. The DNA of the new generation of bacteria was extracted and centrifuged.
Which tube shows the position of DNA from this new generation of bacteria?

Which processes are involved in transpiration?
1 the diffusion of water vapour from stomata
2 the mass flow of water through the xylem
3 the evaporation of water from the surface of mesophyll cells
4 the evaporation of water vapour from air spaces

The photomicrograph shows a vascular bundle from the stem of a plant.
What are the correct labels for structures X, Y and Z?
[Table_1]

The graph shows the results of using a potometer to measure the effect of wind speed on the rate of water loss in a plant.

Which statement explains the results obtained from the investigation?

Land flooded by the sea is not suitable for growing plants after the salty flood water has drained away.
Which values of water potential in the xylem and soil water help to explain why the land flooded with salty water is unsuitable for growth of plants?
[Table_1]

What is the role of ATP in a companion cell when sucrose is loaded into a sieve tube element?

Which features allow an artery to resist changes in the pressure of blood flowing through it?
1. smooth endothelium
2. thick elastic layer in the artery wall
3. thick layer of muscle in the artery wall

Which reactions will be taking place in blood in a capillary next to an alveolus?

1. Hb + 4O_2 \rightarrow HbO_8
2. H_2O + CO_2 \rightarrow H_2CO_3
3. HHb + 4O_2 \rightarrow HbO_8 + H^+

The photomicrograph shows a section through two structures found in mammals viewed using a light microscope.

Which row is correct?
[Table_1]

Which cells or tissues are not correctly paired with their function?

[Table_1]
cells/tissues function
A. cartilage supports the trachea
B. ciliated epithelial cells move mucus over the surface of the trachea
C. goblet cells produce enzymes to destroy bacteria
D. smooth muscle constriction of some of the bronchioles

Which could lead to chronic bronchitis?

What is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of oxygen pass through during gas exchange between alveoli and the capillaries?
[Table_1]

The statements refer to the disease tuberculosis (TB).
1. The pathogen lives inside human cells so is not accessible to the immune system.
2. The bacterial pathogen reproduces slowly.
3. The pathogen is not very sensitive to antibiotics.
Which explains why antibiotic treatment for TB takes a long time?

The first column in the table contains statements about disease. Columns headed 1-4 represent four different named diseases.
[Table_1]
Which is the correct set of column headings for the diseases in the table?
[Table_2]

The following events occur when a phagocyte responds to the presence of a pathogen.
1 endocytosis
2 enzymic digestion
3 exocytosis
4 phagocytosis
5 vacuole formation

Which is the correct sequence of events?

[Table_1]

Which type of immunity occurs as a result of the ingestion of antibodies by an infant through its mother's milk?
[Table showing types of immunity]
artificial | natural
active A B
passive C D

An insect lives in and feeds on the tissue of oak tree leaves and is eaten by birds. Which ecological terms are described in this information about the insect? [Table_1]

A farmer grows a different crop in a field each year for three years. In the fourth year the farmer plants a leguminous crop and then ploughs this into the soil. The next year the rotation starts again. Which microorganisms will increase by the time the rotation starts again?