AS & A Level Physics - 9702 Paper 1 2023 Summer Zone 2

A stone sinks in water.
What is a possible value for the density of the stone?

Gm, Tm, \mu m and pm are all units of length.
Which unit is the largest and which unit is the smallest?

Two measurements for a solid sphere are shown.

mass = (32.5 ± 0.1) g
diameter = (1.87 ± 0.04) cm

These values are used to determine the density of the sphere.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the density?

An aircraft travels along a horizontal path. Two of the forces that act horizontally on the aircraft are the thrust force of the engines and the force due to the wind. The vector diagram for these forces is shown.

Vector diagram showing thrust force and force due to wind] 

Which vector represents the resultant horizontal force acting on the aircraft due to these two forces? 

A ball travels from point X to point Y around a semicircular track of radius 1.0 m, as shown.

What is the displacement of the ball from X to Y? 

A rock is launched vertically upwards from the surface of the Earth and an identical rock is launched vertically upwards from the surface of Mars. Each rock is launched with an initial velocity of $12 \, \text{ms}^{-1}$.

Each rock then reaches its maximum height above the surface before returning back down to the surface. The velocity–time graph for each rock is shown. In both cases, air resistance is negligible.

What is the difference in the maximum heights of the two rocks? 

Which statement describes the mass of an object?

A submarine of total mass 3200 kg is at rest underwater.

The total mass of the submarine is suddenly decreased by 200 kg by pumping water out of the submarine horizontally in a negligible time. The upthrust acting on the submarine is unchanged.

The change in the total weight of the submarine causes it to accelerate vertically upwards.

What is the initial upwards acceleration of the submarine? 

A box in air slides with increasing speed down a rough slope from point P to point Q.

The slope surface exerts a constant frictional force on the box.

As the box moves from P to Q, there are changes to the magnitudes of its acceleration and the total resistive force acting on it.

Which row describes the changes? 

Two balls, X and Y, approach each other along the same straight line and collide. The collision is perfectly elastic.

Their initial speeds are $u_X$ and $u_Y$ respectively. After the collision they move apart with speeds $v_X$ and $v_Y$ respectively. Their directions are shown.

Which equation is correct? 

A rod is pivoted at point O. A force $F$ is applied to the rod at point W, as shown.

What is the moment of the force $F$ about $O$?

A uniform rod XY of weight 10.0 N is freely hinged to a wall at X. It is held horizontal by a force F acting from Y at an angle of 30° to the horizontal, as shown.

What is the value of F? 

Two solid cubes X and Y are made of material of the same density. Cube X has twice the mass of cube Y.

Cube X has sides of length x. Cube Y has sides of length y.

What is the ratio $\frac{x}{y}$?

A U-shaped glass tube contains liquid of density 2000 kg m⁻³, as shown.

What is the difference in pressure due to the liquid between levels P and Q? 

A steam turbine is used to drive a generator. The input power to the turbine is $P_I$ and the output power is $P_O$. The power loss in the turbine is $P_L$, as shown.

What is the efficiency of the turbine? 

A variable force is applied to ensure that a constant power is supplied to a train.
Which graph best shows the variation of the force $F$ applied with the velocity $v$ of the train?

A block is released from rest and slides a distance x down a straight slope.

The slope is at an angle $\theta$ to the horizontal.

The slope is frictionless and air resistance is negligible.

The acceleration of free fall is $g$.

Which expression gives the final speed of the block? 

What is meant by the spring constant of a spring?

A child holds a thin metal wire that is attached to a kite. The graph shows how the extension of the wire varies with its tension.

A gust of wind increases the tension from 100 N to 150 N.

What is the change in the elastic potential energy of the wire caused by the gust of wind? 

A microphone detects a sound wave. The microphone is connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO). The shape of the trace on the screen of the CRO is shown.

Which property of the sound wave can be determined by using only the measurement of a horizontal distance on the screen and the value of a control setting of the CRO?

A longitudinal wave is travelling from left to right. The graph shows the variation of the displacement of the particles with distance along the wave at one instant in time.

Displacements to the right are positive; displacements to the left are negative.

Which labelled point represents a compression?

A source X emits a sound wave of constant frequency $f$. The wave is subsequently received at a stationary detector Y. The frequency of the wave that is detected by Y is less than $f$. What could be the reason for this?

A beam of visible light is in a vacuum. What could be the frequency of the light?

A vertically polarised beam of light of intensity $I_0$ is incident normally on a polarising filter. The transmission axis of the filter is at 45° to the vertical. The beam of light transmitted by this filter is then incident normally on a second filter. The transmission axis of the second filter is horizontal.

What is the intensity of the beam of light after transmission through the second filter?

A stationary wave is formed by two progressive waves travelling in opposite directions along the same line of travel.

Which statement about the two progressive waves is not correct?

The sound from a loudspeaker placed above a tube causes resonance of the air in the tube.

A stationary wave is formed with two nodes and two antinodes, as shown.

The tube has height 60 cm.

The speed of sound in the air is 340 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound?

A continuous progressive water wave in a ripple tank passes through a gap in a barrier and diffracts.

The width of the gap is greater than the wavelength of the wave.

Which change causes the wave to spread over a larger angle as it passes through the gap?

The diagram shows a view from above of a double-slit interference demonstration.

L is a monochromatic light source with a vertical filament. B is a barrier with two narrow vertical slits and S is a screen upon which interference fringes form.

The intensity is $I$ at the point on the screen where the centre of the fringe pattern forms.

When one of the slits is covered, what is the intensity at the same point on the screen?

Green light of wavelength 550 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating and produces a diffraction pattern on a screen placed 3.5 m from the diffraction grating.

The third-order maximum on the screen is a distance of 0.75 m from the zeroth-order (central) maximum.

What is the distance between two adjacent slits in the diffraction grating?

Which charge can be carried by a charge carrier?

A resistor of resistance $R$ is connected across a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) $E$ and negligible internal resistance.
Which single change to the circuit would lead to the largest increase in the power dissipated in the resistor?

An electrical cable is made up of one thick strand of copper wire that is surrounded by eight thin strands of copper wire. All nine strands of wire are connected in parallel with each other.
A cross-section of the cable is shown.

Each thin strand of wire has cross-sectional area \(A\) and length \(L\).
The thick strand of wire has cross-sectional area \(4A\) and length \(L\).
The cable has total resistance \(R\).
Which expression gives the resistivity of copper?

A car has sensors for detecting the light intensity and temperature of its environment.
The sensors make use of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a thermistor.
The car moves from a warm and dark environment into a cold and bright environment.
What are the changes to the resistances of the LDR and thermistor?
[Table_1]

A student assembles the circuit shown.

Which row describes the state of the two lamps?
[Table_1]

Kirchhoff's first law is a consequence of the conservation of which quantity?

Three identical cells each have electromotive force (e.m.f.) $E$ and negligible internal resistance. The cells are connected to three identical resistors, each of resistance $R$, as shown.
What is the potential difference across one of the resistors?

In the potentiometer circuit shown, the reading on the ammeter is zero.
The light-dependent resistor (LDR) is then covered and the ammeter gives a non-zero reading.
Which change could return the ammeter reading to zero?

What are isotopes?

A neutron $^1_0n$ is fired at a $^{235}_{92}U$ nucleus. The neutron is absorbed by the nucleus which then splits to form nuclei of $^{141}_{56}Ba$ and $^{92}_{36}Kr$.
What is the number of free neutrons emitted when the $^{235}_{92}U$ nucleus splits?

A $\pi^+$ meson has a charge of $+e$, where $e$ is the elementary charge. It consists of an up quark and one other quark.
What could be the other quark in the $\pi^+$ meson?