AS & A Level Biology - 9700 Paper 1 2012 Summer Zone 2

Which range of sizes would include most eukaryotic cells?

A student was asked to draw a plan diagram of the plant tissue shown in the photomicrograph and to annotate two observable features.

What are the correct annotations?

Which structure is present in all eukaryotic cells but not present in prokaryotic cells?

What restricts the resolution of the light microscope?

The diagram shows an electron micrograph of virus particles in a human nucleus.

What is the diameter of the labelled virus particles?

A student carried out a series of tests on an extract from a plant. The table shows the results of the tests.

[Table_1]

Which row shows the molecules found in the plant extract?

Glycogen is a polymer of glucose. Which description summarises its structure?

Which molecules contain C=O bonds?
1 amino acids
2 fatty acids
3 proteins

Which of the statements about polysaccharides can be used to describe both amylose and amylopectin?
1. contains 1,4 glycosidic bonds
2. contains 1,6 glycosidic bonds
3. polymer of \( \alpha \)-glucose

Which carbohydrate gives a brick red colour when heated with Benedict’s solution?

The diagram shows two molecules of glucose. Four possible bonding positions are labelled p, q, r, and s, and t, u, v, w.

When these two molecules condense during the formation of a glycogen molecule, where could bonds form?

Which graph represents the changes in concentration of a substrate and its product in the same enzyme-catalysed reaction?

Glucose in urine can be detected using a biochemical test. When the end of a test strip, which is impregnated with the enzyme glucose oxidase, is dipped into urine, the development of a blue colour indicates that glucose is present.
This is a reliable test that people with diabetes can carry out at home.
Which feature of the enzyme makes this test so reliable?

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell surface membrane?

The following are all processes by which substances can enter a cell.
1 endocytosis
2 facilitated diffusion
3 osmosis
Which processes are passive?

The diagram shows the water potential of three adjacent plant cells.
In which directions will there be net movement of water by osmosis?

Each of the following events takes place during mitosis.
1. centromeres divide
2. chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
3. chromosomes line up along the equator of the spindle
4. chromosomes uncoil
5. two chromatids are joined by a centromere
In which order do the events take place?
[Table_1]

The diagram shows the cell cycle.
When radioactive nucleotides are supplied to dividing cells, at which point will they be incorporated into the chromosomes?

What does the process of transcription require?

A peptide consists of ten amino acids of four different kinds. What is the theoretical minimum number of different tRNA molecules required to translate the mRNA for this peptide?

Which statements about tRNA structure are correct?
1. There is a binding site for the attachment of a specific amino acid, as well as a different binding site for the attachment to the ribosome, in order to allow translation to occur.
2. There is a ribose-phosphate backbone with strong covalent phosphodiester bonds and areas within the polynucleotide chain where base-pairing by hydrogen bonding occurs.
3. There is a section known as an anticodon that contains the same triplet of bases as the triplet of DNA bases that has been transcribed to produce the mRNA codon.

Which statements describe why a large animal has had to evolve a transport system?
1. diffusion occurs slowly over long distances
2. it has a high rate of gas exchange
3. it has a large surface area to volume ratio

Which row identifies the tissue that contains the Casparian strip and the molecule forming this strip?
[Table_1]

Which of the following are included in the apoplast pathway?
1. living components
2. plant vacuoles
3. cell walls
4. xylem vessels

Which statement explains why the circumference (girth) of a tree is less in the middle of the day than at night?

Sucrose is transported in solution in the phloem of plants. Transport takes place from sources to sinks. The process depends on differences in hydrostatic pressure between the sources and the sinks.

Which tissues are either a source or a sink and what is the hydrostatic pressure at X and Y within the phloem?

Which of the following are found in all blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid?
1. carbon dioxide
2. glucose
3. white blood cells
4. antibodies

The diagram shows the Bohr effect. What causes the shift from X to Y?

The graph shows the pressure changes in different areas of the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle.
Which row shows the pressure changes in each part of the heart?

The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each contraction of a ventricle. The ventricular end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in the ventricle just before systole. Which graph shows the relationship between the stroke volume and the ventricular end-diastolic volume?

Which component of tobacco smoke causes an increase in blood pressure?

Which statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are correct?
1. The patient coughs a lot, bringing up mucus.
2. The patient’s symptoms normally do not change.
3. The patient is normally over 30 years old.
4. The disease can often be reversed by treatment.

What would be seen in a photomicrograph of the wall of the trachea? [Table_1]
Key: \[\text{✓ = present, ✗ = absent}\]

To prevent a disease, dead bacteria may be injected into the body. What type of immune response is produced? [Table_1]

The graph shows the amount of antibody produced in response to an antigen.
[Image_1: Graph showing 'concentration of antibody in the blood' over 'time in days']
From the graph, which statement is correct?

Which of the following two diseases are caused by viruses?

Cholera is no longer common in many countries. What is the reason for this?

The diagram shows a food web.
How many trophic levels are represented in the food web?

What is the role of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle?

Why could only 4% of the energy from sunlight be fixed by producers during photosynthesis?