AS & A Level Physics - 9702 Paper 1 2012 Summer Zone 1

When a force $F$ moves its point of application through a displacement $s$ in the direction of the force, the work $W$ done by the force is given by $W = F \cdot s$.
How many vector quantities and scalar quantities does this equation contain?

What is a possible unit for the product $VI$, where $V$ is the potential difference across a resistor and $I$ is the current through the same resistor?

What is a reasonable estimate of the average kinetic energy of an athlete during a 100 m race that takes 10 s?

A light-meter measures the intensity $I$ of the light falling on it. Theory suggests that $I$ varies inversely as the square of the distance $d$.

Which graph of the results supports this theory?

In an experiment, a radio-controlled car takes $2.50 \pm 0.05$ s to travel $40.0 \pm 0.1$ m.

What is the car’s average speed and the uncertainty in this value?

In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall using a falling body, what would lead to a value that is too large?

Which feature of a graph allows acceleration to be determined?

The diagram shows a laboratory experiment in which a feather falls from rest in a long evacuated vertical tube of length $L$.

The feather takes time $T$ to fall from the top to the bottom of the tube. How far will the feather have fallen from the top of the tube in time $0.50 T$?

In the absence of air resistance, a stone is thrown from P and follows a parabolic path in which the highest point reached is T. The stone reaches point Q just before landing.

The vertical component of acceleration of the stone is 

Each option gives a correct word equation involving force. Which option gives the definition of force?

Two similar spheres, each of mass $m$ and travelling with speed $v$, are moving towards each other.

The spheres have a head-on elastic collision.

Which statement is correct? 

The diagram shows a barrel suspended from a frictionless pulley on a building. The rope supporting the barrel goes over the pulley and is secured to a stake at the bottom of the building.

A man stands close to the stake. The bottom of the barrel is 18 m above the man's head. The mass of the barrel is 120 kg and the mass of the man is 80 kg.
The man keeps hold of the rope after untying it from the stake and is lifted upwards as the barrel falls.

What is the man's upward speed when his head is level with the bottom of the barrel? (Use $g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2$.) 

A cylindrical block of wood has cross-sectional area $A$ and weight $W$. It is totally immersed in water with its axis vertical. The block experiences pressures $p_t$ and $p_b$ at its top and bottom surfaces respectively.

Which expression is equal to the upthrust on the block?

A car of mass $m$ travels at constant speed up a slope at an angle $\theta$ to the horizontal, as shown in the diagram. Air resistance and friction provide a resistive force $F$.

What force is needed to propel the car at this constant speed? 

The diagram shows a crane supporting a load $L$.

A mass provides a balancing load $W$. The position of the load is such that the system is perfectly balanced with $Wx = Ly$. The ground provides a reaction force $R$. The distance $x$ does not change.

If the load is moved further out so that the distance $y$ increases and the crane does not topple, which statement is correct? 

A concrete cube of side 0.60 m and uniform density $2.0 \times 10^{3} \text{ kg m}^{-3}$ is lifted 5.0 m vertically by a crane.

What is the change in potential energy of the cube?

The force resisting the motion of a car is taken as being proportional to the square of the car’s speed. The magnitude of the force at a speed of 20 m s$^{-1}$ is 800 N.

What effective power is required from the car’s engine to maintain a steady speed of 40 m s$^{-1}$?

The data below are taken from a test of a petrol engine for a motor car.

power output 150 kW

fuel consumption 20 litres per hour

energy content of fuel 40 MJ per litre

Which expression will evaluate the efficiency of the engine?

What is the internal energy of an object?

Each box shows identical molecules of a gas represented by circles with arrows to show the direction of travel and the speed of the molecule. A longer arrow represents a higher speed. Which box contains a gas of the highest density and the lowest temperature?

At room temperature, the density of liquid mercury is five times greater than the density of solid aluminium. What is the reason for this?

When white sugar granules are heated, they melt. When the melt is cooled quickly, a brittle solid form of toffee is produced.

How does the structure of the sugar change?

Which property of a metal wire depends on its Young modulus?

The diagram shows a wire of diameter $D$ and length $L$ that is firmly clamped at one end between two blocks of wood. A load is applied to the wire which causes it to extend by an amount $x$.

By how much would a wire of the same material, but of diameter $2D$ and length $3L$, extend when the same load is applied?

What is represented by the gradient of a graph of force (vertical axis) against extension (horizontal axis)?

Two waves E and G are shown. The waves have the same speed.

Which statement is correct? 

The diagram shows a displacement-time graph for a progressive wave.

What are the amplitude and frequency of the wave? 

Which observation indicates that sound waves are longitudinal?

To produce a stationary wave, two waves must travel in opposite directions through the same space.

Which statement about the properties of the two waves must also be true?

A diffraction grating is used to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light, as shown in the diagram.

The spacing of the slits in the grating is $1.00 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}$. The angle between the first order diffraction maxima is $70.0^\circ$.

What is the wavelength of the light? 

A dipole is a pair of one negative charge and one positive charge of equal magnitude. The electric field of a dipole is shown below.

In which direction does the force act on an electron when at point X?

Lightning can occur between a charged cloud and the Earth’s surface when the electric field strength in the intervening atmosphere reaches 25 kN C^{-1}.

The diagram shows the electric field between the base of a cloud and the Earth’s surface.

What is the minimum potential difference between the Earth and the base of a cloud, 2 km high, for lightning to occur? 

There is a current of 10 mA in a conductor for half an hour. How much charge passes a point in the conductor in this time?

An iron wire has length 8.0 m and diameter 0.50 mm. The wire has resistance $R$.
A second iron wire has length 2.0 m and diameter 1.0 mm.
What is the resistance of the second wire?

The diagram shows a simple circuit.
Which statement is correct?

In the circuit below, the ammeter reading is $I$ and the voltmeter reading is $V$.
When the switch is closed, which row describes what happens to $I$ and $V$?

A potential divider consists of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in series with a variable resistor of resistance $R$. The resistance of the LDR decreases when the light level increases. The variable resistor can be set at either high resistance or low resistance.
Which situation gives the largest output voltage?

The circuit below has a current $I$ in the resistor $R$.

What must be known in order to determine the value of $I$?

An experiment in which $\alpha$-particles were deflected by a gold foil produced new insights into the structure of the atom. Which conclusion can be drawn from the results of the experiment?

Thorium-234 ($^{234}_{90} \text{Th}$) decays by $\beta$-emission into a daughter product which in turn decays by further $\beta$-emission into a granddaughter product.
Which letter in the diagram represents the granddaughter product?