AS & A Level Biology - 9700 Paper 2 2012 Winter Zone 3

For each of the organelles A, B, C and D, shown in Fig. 1.1, state the name and function of each.
A name .....................................................
function .....................................................
B name .....................................................
function .....................................................
C name .....................................................
function .....................................................
D name .....................................................
function .....................................................

Antibiotics are drugs which are very important in the treatment and cure of some diseases.
(a) Underline the disease or diseases in the list below which are treatable with antibiotics.

cholera
malaria
HIV/AIDS
tuberculosis (TB)
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(b) When patients are prescribed a course of antibiotics, they must not stop taking the antibiotics as soon as they start to feel better, or when they feel that the disease symptoms have gone.

Explain the importance of taking a complete course of antibiotics.

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(c) Some antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors of enzymes in pathogens.

(i) Describe what is meant by the term competitive inhibitor.

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Penicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of one of the enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis.

(ii) State why penicillin, which is an enzyme inhibitor, can be taken by humans.

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(iii) Suggest the effect which penicillin will have on bacterial cells.

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A study was carried out on a large number of people, some of whom were smokers. The study investigated the link between percentage of deaths due to lung cancer in smokers and their smoking habits. The age at which they started smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day were recorded. The results of the study are shown in Fig. 3.1.



(a) Explain what the results in Fig. 3.1 show about the link between cigarette smoking and percentage of deaths due to lung cancer.
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(b) Tobacco smoke contains many substances which are harmful to the body.
Outline the harmful effects on the cardiovascular system of:
(i) carbon monoxide
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(ii) nicotine.
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(iii) Describe briefly the effects of tar on the goblet cells and cilia of the trachea.
goblet cells ..............................................................................................................................................................
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cilia ..............................................................................................................................................................
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Fig. 4.1 is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through a plant stem. The xylem vessels are clearly visible.

(a) Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph in Fig. 4.1.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest 100.
answer ............................................................... [2]
(b) Describe how the structure of xylem vessels is adapted to their function.
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(c) Describe and explain how water moves from the xylem vessels in the leaves to the atmosphere surrounding the leaves of the plant.
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(a) Describe the role of the ribosome in translation.
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Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of a section of mRNA showing the sequence of three of the codons.



(b) State the base sequences of:

(i) the tRNA anticodon complementary to codon 1
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(ii) the DNA sequence which coded for codon 3.
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(c) The three codons in Fig. 5.1 are near the start of the sequence coding for a protein.
Explain the consequence of a mutation which deletes the U from codon 2.
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A woodland ecosystem was investigated and a food web was constructed. This food web is shown in Fig. 6.1.

[Image_1: Fig. 6.1 showing a food web]

(a) State the meaning of the term ecosystem.
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(b) Name one group of organisms from Fig. 6.1 that are:
(i) producers
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(ii) only secondary consumers.
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(c) Explain why only a small percentage of the energy present at each trophic level is available to the organisms at the next level.
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(d) Fig. 6.1 shows the flow of energy but not the cycling of nutrients in the ecosystem.
Outline what happens to the nitrogen-containing compounds in the organisms at the top of the food web.
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