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Students find a small organism in a pond. They catch it and put it into a large jar of water. They see that the organism swims away from light. It lays some eggs before it is put back into the pond.
Which characteristics of living things did the students see in this organism?
540
549
535
Which description of a species is correct?
504
582
551
The table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from a woodland and the groups to which they belong.
[Table_1]
How many of the animals, in total, are arthropods with six or eight legs?
597
553
597
Some vertebrates have body hair.
Which group do these vertebrates belong to?
508
543
538
The diagram shows two guard cells from a leaf.
Which labelled part would also be found in sperm cells?
543
549
567
The photograph shows part of a cross-section of a root.
The root hair and the xylem are part of the same
522
513
558
Which formula is correct for calculations involving image size, actual size and magnification?
524
538
564
Which statements about diffusion are correct?
1 Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a higher to a lower concentration.
2 Diffusion is the net movement of particles only across cell membranes.
3 Diffusion requires energy from respiration.
591
505
578
What is the name of the process in which water moves through a partially permeable membrane?
505
589
506
A sample of food is tested with different chemical substances.
The table shows the results.
[Table_1]
Which nutrients does the sample of food contain?
517
537
526
The diagram shows an experiment on the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease.
The protease was taken from a human stomach.
In which test-tube will protein be digested most quickly?
580
536
561
The diagram represents the shape of an enzyme molecule.
With which substrate would this enzyme most easily form an enzyme–substrate complex?
513
583
555
The diagram shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis.
What is the most abundant gas present at the top of the tube at the end of the experiment?
589
530
500
The graph shows how the percentage of protein found in potatoes was affected by the concentration of nitrate fertiliser added to the crop when it was growing.
Using the information in the graph, which molecule do the potatoes make more of when the concentration of nitrate fertiliser increases?
564
567
509
Which food would add more fibre as part of a balanced diet?
569
512
561
The diagram shows the human digestive system.
Which letter represents the rectum?
510
561
595
The bacterium $Salmonella$ $enterica$ can cause severe food poisoning, and the lining of the alimentary canal may be damaged. This damage affects the absorption of digested food.
Which region of the alimentary canal is most affected by this type of food poisoning?
575
578
593
In which part of the alimentary canal is the most water absorbed?
583
565
565
The diagram shows the pathway of water molecules through a leaf and out to the environment.
mesophyll cell \( \rightarrow \) process X \( \rightarrow \) air space \( \rightarrow \) process Y \( \rightarrow \) stomata
Which statements are correct?
1. Process X is active transport.
2. Process X is evaporation.
3. Process Y is diffusion.
4. Process Y is osmosis.
588
581
537
The diagram shows blood vessels entering and leaving some organs in the human body.
Which row identifies the pulmonary artery and the renal vein?
[Table_1]
600
545
558
When a pathogen enters the blood, the number of white blood cells increases.
Some possible reasons why this happens are listed.
1 It increases the number of antibodies.
2 It increases the transport of oxygen.
3 It increases phagocytosis.
4 It increases the number of platelets.
Which reasons are correct?
547
574
514
The graph shows how waste is disposed of in three cities.
Which statement describes waste disposal in all of the three cities?
590
505
562
Which structure connects directly to the alveoli?
502
544
590
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
543
572
544
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
531
502
558
What is an example of phototropism?
519
509
593
The graph shows changes in the resistance of the bacterium \textit{Escherichia coli} to two different antibiotics between 2005 and 2023.
Which statement describes the changes that occurred between 2005 and 2023?
527
549
540
The nuclei of which two structures fuse during fertilisation?
533
535
561
Which statements about sexual reproduction in plants are correct?
1 Anthers in wind-pollinated flowers are inside the flower.
2 Pollen grains in insect-pollinated flowers are large and sticky.
3 The stigma in insect-pollinated flowers is outside the flower.
501
560
504
Which structure is found in both animals and plants?
517
564
591
Which sex chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?
553
577
509
What are alleles made of?
520
555
537
The graph shows the percentage of a population with different phenotypes for the same characteristic.
Which characteristic in humans is represented by X?
568
599
560
Energy transfers in an ecosystem are listed.
[Table_1]
Which transfers are correct?
539
514
562
Which diagram shows the correct order in a food chain?
584
585
592
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
555
586
579
The graph shows how the population of the world has increased over time.
Which growth curve phase is represented by region P?
508
553
539
How do herbicides help to increase food production?
521
503
584
Which product of anaerobic respiration in yeast is used as a biofuel?
580
544
589
Which statement describes genetic modification?
560
547
549
