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Which characteristic of living organisms is represented by gas exchange in the alveoli?
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The diagram shows how $Homo\ sapiens$ (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors.
Which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
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511
577
What is a characteristic of both insects and arachnids?
510
592
532
An animal can swim, has a backbone and produces milk.
Which group does this animal belong to?
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541
In which cell structure does aerobic respiration occur?
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501
Which formula shows the correct way to calculate the actual size of an object?
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522
What is a reason why oxygen diffuses into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?
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The diagram shows two plant cells.
Which statement describes what will happen to the water in the cells?
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542
Which row describes active transport?
[Table_1]
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Which row shows the elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule?
[Table_1]
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Large molecules are made from smaller molecules.
Which row names the large molecule and the small molecules it is made from?
[Table_1]
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The graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.
Which statements about the enzyme and substrate at temperatures 1 and 2 are correct?
[Table_1]
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582
In an investigation, the rate of photosynthesis in a plant is measured at different temperatures.
The investigation is carried out at three different light intensities. The results are shown.
What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X?
[Table_1]
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In plants, which ions are used to make amino acids?
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The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.
Which structure is the cuticle?
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Poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly.
The table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
Which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
[Table_1]
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Which food group is chemically digested in the mouth, passes through the stomach and continues to be broken down by chemical digestion in the small intestine?
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Which row about bile is correct?
[Table_1]
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574
The small intestine is where most digested foods are absorbed. The small intestine has many villi.
These are some features of villi.
1. Each villus contains a network of capillaries.
2. Each villus contains a lacteal.
3. The surface of each epithelial cell is covered with microvilli.
4. Villi increase the internal surface area of the small intestine.
Which statements about the villi are important for the efficient absorption of glucose?
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Which statements about xylem vessels are correct?
1. Xylem vessels have cells with cross walls.
2. Xylem vessels have thick walls with lignin.
3. Xylem vessels transport water and mineral ions.
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553
Dodder is a plant that grows on other plants called hosts. The dodder plant connects to the host's vascular bundles.
The dodder plant does not have green leaves or roots.
What correctly describes the regions for translocation?
[Table_1]
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535
The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system.
Which structure is the hepatic vein?
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504
What is a feature of passive immunity?
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588
The graph shows the change in the rate of breathing of an athlete.
What causes the response during time period Y?
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These are processes that occur in plants.
1 active transport
2 cell division
3 osmosis
4 transpiration
Which processes use energy from respiration?
545
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557
What is the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
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593
Which labelled organ has a major role in the assimilation of amino acids by converting them to proteins?
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592
A toxin that is the same shape as a neurotransmitter prevents muscle contraction.
Which statement explains why the toxin prevents muscle contraction?
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564
The diagram shows the structure of the human eye.
Which labelled part refracts light entering the eye?
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512
A patient is injected with adrenaline.
Which graph shows the expected changes to pulse rate and blood glucose concentration?
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The diagram shows the shoot and root of a seedling, responding to gravity.
Which row shows where the auxin accumulates and the effect of this in the shoot?
[Table_1]
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Which factors would increase the chance of antibiotic resistance developing?
1 regularly giving antibiotics to healthy livestock
2 only using antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
3 using several different antibiotics to treat an infection
4 using good personal hygiene to avoid infection
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508
What is an advantage of using asexual reproduction in crop plants?
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500
The graphs show the concentrations in the blood of four hormones involved in controlling the menstrual cycle.
Which line represents FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)?
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The mitotic index of a tissue is the percentage of cells in the tissue that are dividing by mitosis.
The table shows information about two tissue samples, X and Y.
[Table_1]
Which statement is correct?
522
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532
Fruit flies can either have red eyes or white eyes.
This is a sex-linked characteristic with the gene for eye colour located on the X chromosome.
The allele for red eyes (R) is dominant over the allele for white eyes (r).
A fruit fly with the genotype $X^{R}X^{r}$ was crossed with a fruit fly with the genotype $X^{R}Y$.
Which percentage of the offspring will have red eyes?
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539
Which statement about variation is correct?
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Which row shows part of the nitrogen cycle?
[Table_1]
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510
When $in\ vitro$ fertilisation (IVF) is used in captive breeding programmes, these processes occur.
1. The egg cell is fertilised.
2. The egg cell is removed from an ovary.
3. The embryo is implanted into the uterus.
4. The sperm cells are added.
In which order do these processes occur?
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The diagram shows a bacterial cell.
Which cell structure is useful in genetic modification?
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