Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2016 Summer Zone 3

Fig. 1.1 shows five arthropods.



Fig. 1.1

(a) State one feature that is shared by all arthropods.
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(b) The five animals in Fig. 1.1 all belong to the same group of arthropods.

(i) Name this group of arthropods.
Choose your answer from this list.

arachnids crustaceans insects myriapods
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(ii) State two visible features of the bee, shown in Fig. 1.1, which place it in this group.
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Fig. 2.1 shows the flow of blood through the human heart and its associated blood vessels A, B, C and D.
(a) (i) State two ways in which the structure of blood vessel C is different from the structure of blood vessel A.
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(ii) Tick the box that describes the blood in the vessel labelled D.
high pressure, deoxygenated □
high pressure, oxygenated □
low pressure, deoxygenated □
low pressure, oxygenated □ [1]
(b) Complete the flow chart by writing the name of each blood vessel in the correct box to show the order in which blood travels through them.
Use names from this list.
aorta pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava
blood from body ↓
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heart ↓
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lungs ↓
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heart ↓
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blood to body [3]

(a) Water enters plants through the root hairs and escapes to the air from the leaves.
(i) Name the term that is used to describe the loss of water vapour from the leaves.
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(ii) Complete the flow chart by writing in the boxes the names of the parts through which
water passes after it enters the root hair cells.
Choose words from the list.
mesophyll cells cortex cells stomata xylem

escapes to the air.........................................................................................[3]

Fig. 3.1 shows a display of cut flowers in a shop.
At 6 am the flowers were placed in identical jars, E, F, G and H.
Each jar contained 500 cm³ of water.
At 8 pm the jars all contained different volumes of water.

Fig. 3.1
(b) The volume of water remaining in jars E, F, G and H was measured at intervals between 6 am and 8 pm.
The results are shown in the graph in Fig. 3.2.

volume of water in jar/cm³
6 am 8 am 10 am midday 2 pm 4 pm 6 pm 8 pm
time of day
i) Using data from Fig. 3.2, describe the changes in the volume of water in jar H.
Suggest an explanation for these changes.
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(ii) Calculate the difference between the volume of water in jars G and H at midday.
Show your working.
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(iii) Using only information shown in Fig. 3.1, suggest a reason for the difference in water loss from jars G and H.
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(a) State what is meant by the term balanced diet.
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(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a pie chart of a person's diet.



(i) Bread, rice, potatoes and pasta form 36% of this diet.
Explain why these foods are important to the body.
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(ii) State the foods shown in Fig. 4.1 that are rich in protein and state why proteins are important to the body.
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(iii) Only 5.5% of this diet is made up of food and drinks that are high in fat and sugar.
Describe one harmful effect of eating too much fat.
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(iv) The diet in Fig. 4.1 would not be suitable for everyone's needs.
State and explain two factors that could affect a person's dietary needs.
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Genetic engineering can be used to improve crops.
(a) Explain the meaning of the term genetic engineering.
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Fig. 5.1 shows part of a newspaper article about a new variety of maize.
[Image_1: Bug-Free Maize graphic]
Fig. 5.1
(b) (i) The new Bt maize contains a gene taken from bacteria.
Define the term gene.
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(ii) Use the information in Fig. 5.1 to suggest how the addition of this gene could increase the farmer's maize crop.
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(c) Maize plants are wind-pollinated.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term pollination.
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(ii) Fruit trees are pollinated by insects.
Suggest why growing Bt maize near to apple trees might reduce the yield of the fruit crop.
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(d) The development of Bt maize is one example of genetic engineering.
State two other examples of genetic engineering.
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Hormones play an important part in controlling the human body.

(a) Define the term _hormone_.

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(b) Fig. 6.1 shows some parts of the human body where hormones are made.



(i) Complete Table 6.1 by identifying and naming each part and stating the name of a hormone produced by each of the parts.

Some examples have been done for you.

Table 6.1

[Table_1]

The development of biological washing powders using enzymes from bacteria is an example of biotechnology.

(a) State two reasons why bacteria are useful in biotechnology, such as in the development of biological washing powders.
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(b) Fig. 7.1 shows part of a label taken from a packet of ‘5 Star Bio’ washing powder.



Use the information shown in Fig. 7.1 to:

(i) explain how this washing powder removes food stains
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(ii) explain why the manufacturer recommends washing at 30 °C and not above 60 °C
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(iii) suggest why only small quantities of washing powder are needed to wash a large quantity of clothes.
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(c) Name an enzyme that could be used to remove fat stains from clothing.
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(a) (i) On Fig. 8.1, label and name the part of the eye which focuses light to form a clear image. [2]
(ii) On Fig. 8.1, label and name the part of the eye where the image is formed. [2]
(b) Glaucoma is a disorder which affects the eyes. Some forms of glaucoma can be inherited.
(i) What is meant by the term \textit{inherited}? [1]
(ii) Glaucoma can be caused by a recessive allele, $g$.
Explain the meaning of the terms:
recessive [2]
allele
(c) Fig. 8.2 shows part of a family tree in which some of the people have the type of glaucoma that is caused by the recessive allele, $g$.

Using $G$ to represent the dominant allele and $g$ to represent the recessive allele, complete the table to show the genotype of each member of the family. [3]
[Table_1]

(a) Fig. 9.1 shows a diagram of a sustainable fish farm.



(i) The fish grown in this fish farm are herbivores.
Define the term herbivore.
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(ii) Other organisms in the pond break down dead or decaying matter.
Name this group of organisms.
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(iii) The method of fish farming shown in Fig. 9.1 is a good example of the conservation of resources.
Suggest three reasons for this statement.
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(b) Explain what is meant by a sustainable resource.
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Fig. 10.1 shows an early stage in the birth of a baby.

(a) The unborn baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid.
Describe one function of this liquid.
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(b) The list describes six stages in the birth of a baby.
They are not in the correct order.
amniotic sac bursts baby passes down vagina cervix dilates
contractions begin placenta delivered umbilical cord is cut
Complete the boxes by writing the descriptions of the stages in the correct order.
Two of the stages have been completed for you.

contractions begin
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umbilical cord is cut
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