Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2016 Winter Zone 2

Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of an arthropod.
[Image_1: Diagram of an arthropod]
(a) (i) Name the arthropod group this animal belongs to.
...................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Give two reasons for your answer.
1 .....................................................................................................................................
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2 .....................................................................................................................................
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(b) State the names of two other arthropod groups.
1 .....................................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................................[2]

A pathogen is a disease-causing organism. Pathogens are transmitted from one host to another.

(a) Describe and explain two ways in which a pathogen can be transmitted from one host to another. [4]

(b)

(i) Outline two natural body defences that prevent pathogens entering the body. [2]

(ii) Describe two hygienic food preparation practices that can stop the spread of diseases caused by pathogens. [2]

(iii) State one other method that has been developed by humans to prevent the spread of diseases caused by pathogens. [1]

Table 3.1 shows the names of some specialised cells, each matched with a letter.

!(Table 3.1 showing cells and letters)

Table 3.1

| specialised cell | letter |
|---------------------------|--------|
| cell in the retina | A |
| liver cell | B |
| neurone | C |
| palisade mesophyll cell | D |
| root hair cell | E |
| red blood cell | F |
| sperm cell | G |
| white blood cell | H |

Table 3.2 shows eight functions carried out by specialised cells.
Complete Table 3.2 by writing in the letter of the cell from Table 3.1 responsible for the function.
You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all. An example has been done for you.

!(Table 3.2 showing cell functions and letters)

Table 3.2

| cell function | letter of cell responsible |
|------------------------------------|---------------------------|
| detection of light | A |
| formation of urea | |
| antibody formation | |
| conduction of nerve impulses | |
| fertilisation of an egg cell | |
| glucose production | |
| oxygen transport | |
| phagocytosis | |

(a) (i) Define the term sustainable resource.

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(ii) State one example of a sustainable resource and one example of a resource that is not sustainable.

resource that is sustainable ........................................................................
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resource that is not sustainable .................................................................
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(b) Outline how sewage is treated to make the water it contains safe for reuse.

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(a) Fig. 5.1 shows the human breathing system.

Name the structures labelled J, K, L and M.
Write your answers on Fig. 5.1. [4]

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows four sections through groups of alveoli and their blood capillaries.

State which diagram, N, P, Q or R, shows the most efficient gas exchange surface.
Give one reason for your answer.
most efficient gas exchange surface ............................
reason ....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) (i) State the word equation for aerobic respiration in cells.
............................. + ............................. → ............................. + ............................. [2]

(ii) Respiration releases energy.
Outline three uses of this energy in the human body.
1 .............................................................................................................................
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2 .............................................................................................................................
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3 .............................................................................................................................
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(a) Describe osmosis [3]

(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a plant cell.

(i) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

(ii) On Fig 6.1, draw a label line D to show the position of the vacuole. [3 + 1]

(c) Fig. 6.2 shows the same cell in pure water. It is left there for 30 minutes.

Describe the changes that will occur in the cell during the 30 minutes it is in pure water. [3]

The boxes on the left contain the names of biological terms.
The boxes on the right contain the definitions of these biological terms.
Draw one straight line from each biological term to the box containing the correct definition.
An example has been done for you.

biological term: assimilation, inheritance, sense organ, tissue, active transport, herbivore, enzyme
definition: transmission of genetic information from generation to generation, groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli, the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell, a group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function, an animal that gets its energy by eating plants, a protein that functions as a biological catalyst, movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration

[Image matching columns with lines as shown]

(a) The body loses water all the time.
One of the ways in which water is lost is by sweating.
State two other ways in which water is lost from the body.
1 ................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a section through the skin.
Sweat is produced to prevent the body temperature from rising above normal.
Describe how sweat production lowers the body temperature.
Use Fig. 8.1 to help with your explanation.



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(c) Fig. 8.2 shows the results of an investigation into the volume of sweat produced by a student running at 12 km per hour.



(i) State the volume of sweat produced by the student carrying a 6 kg back-pack.
....................... arbitrary units per hour [1]

(ii) State two conclusions that can be made about the relationship between the volume of sweat produced and the load carried when exercising.
Use information from Fig. 8.2.
1 ..........................................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................................
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(d) The student in the investigation put on a thick track suit, as shown in Fig. 8.3.
He ran at 12 km per hour carrying a 9 kg back-pack.



His sweat production increased from 12.5 to 24.0 arbitrary units per hour.

(i) Calculate the percentage increase in sweat production caused by wearing a thick track suit.
Show your working.

.................................................. % [2]

(ii) Suggest why wearing a thick track suit increased the volume of sweat produced.
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This question is about photosynthesis.
Complete the sentences using words from the list.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

chlorophyll chloroplast epidermis glucose
glycogen membrane palisade starch
stigma stomata

When plants carry out photosynthesis the chemical called ................................................ traps light energy.

The energy is used to combine raw materials to make ................................................ .

This process mainly happens in the ................................................ layer of the leaf.

The gas needed for photosynthesis enters the leaf through the ................................................ .

These are found in the ................................................ of the leaf.

Leaves appear green because they contain the chemical called ................................................ .

(a) Name the plant cell that is specialised to absorb water from the soil.
...............................................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a section through a plant root and a plant stem.

Label the xylem tissue in the root and the stem on Fig. 10.1.
Use label lines and the letter F. [2]

(c) A student carried out an investigation into the rate of transpiration.
Fig. 10.2 shows three identical shoots and the way the leaves were treated in the investigation.
Petroleum jelly is greasy and waterproof.
All three shoots were kept in the same conditions for one hour.

Table 10.1 shows the results of the investigation.
[Table_1]
(i) Suggest why shoot M lost water (transpired) more slowly than shoot L.
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(ii) Suggest why the rate of water loss was similar for shoots L and N.
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