Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2016 Summer Zone 1

Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell.

                                      Fig. 1.1

(a)

(i) Name the features labelled A and B. Write your answers on Fig. 1.1. [2]

(ii) The nucleus of living cells contains genetic material. Name the chemical that this genetic material is made from. [1]

(b) The cell in Fig. 1.1 carries out aerobic respiration.

Name one chemical that diffuses into an animal cell and one chemical that diffuses out of a cell during aerobic respiration. [2]

(c) The process of active transport occurs in some cells.

Outline one way in which diffusion is different to active transport. [1]

Fig. 1.2 shows a cell from the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf.

(d)

(i) Name the features labelled C and D. Write your answers on Fig. 1.2. [2]

(ii) Name the process carried out by the chloroplasts and explain why all animal life depends on this process. [5]

(a) Gorillas are mammals and have characteristics that are only found in mammals, and not in any other vertebrate group.
State:
(i) one mammalian characteristic visible in Fig. 2.1
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(ii) two mammalian characteristics not visible in Fig. 2.1
1 ...................................................................................................................................[2]
2 ...................................................................................................................................

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the average body mass and Table 2.1 shows the average lifespan of males in six species of mammal.

[Table_1]
(i) Name the mammal that has an average lifespan of 23 years.
.................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the average body mass of a male rhinoceros.
....................................................... kg [1]
(iii) State the average body mass of the mammal that has an average lifespan of 25 years.
....................................................... kg [1]
(iv) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average lifespan shown in Fig. 2.2 and Table 2.1.
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(c) The average lifespan of a human male can vary from 40 years to 85 years.
The lifespan partly depends on the things available in the country where the man lives.
Suggest three things that would increase the chance of a man having a longer lifespan.
1 ...................................................................................................................................
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2 ...................................................................................................................................
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3 ...................................................................................................................................
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Fig. 3.1 shows a section through the skin.
(a) Name the structures labelled in Fig. 3.1 and outline a function in the skin for each one. Write your answers in Table 3.1. An example has been done for you.
[Table_1]
(b) In an investigation the volume of sweat produced by a student was measured when running while carrying different masses in a back-pack.
The results are shown in Fig. 3.2.
(i) Use Fig. 3.2 to state:
the volume of sweat produced when running with an empty back-pack $.................................$ arbitrary units
the volume of sweat produced when running with a 9 kg back-pack $.................................$ arbitrary units
Use these two volumes to calculate the percentage increase in sweat production when running with a 9 kg back-pack.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Show your working. $.................................................... \text{\%}$
[3]
(ii) This investigation was carried out when the air temperature was 10 $^\circ$C.
Predict the effect of carrying out the same investigation if the air temperature was 15 $^\circ$C. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) When the student was at rest the volume of sweat produced was 2 arbitrary units.
The volume increases during exercise as the body needs to keep cool.
Explain how this cooling takes place. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... [3]

Choose words from the list to complete the sentences about hormones. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

adrenaline blood decrease glands increase insulin nerves main saliva system target urine

Hormones are chemicals produced by ................................. .
Hormones are carried round the body by the ................................. .
A hormone affects the activity of one part of the body called the ................................. organ.
After a person has eaten a meal the pancreas releases the hormone ................................. .
One of the effects of this hormone is to lower the glucose level in the ................................. . [5]

Fig. 5.1 shows some apparatus used to investigate transpiration.

The rate of transpiration can be calculated by measuring how far the meniscus moves in five minutes.
(a) Name the tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves in a plant.
.....................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The investigation was carried out at five different temperatures. All other conditions were kept constant.
Table 5.1 shows the results recorded using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1.
[Table_1]
\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text{temperature/}^\circ\text{C} & \text{distance moved by meniscus in five minutes/mm} \\ \hline 10 & 28 \\ \hline 20 & 32 \\ \hline 30 & 37 \\ \hline 40 & 44 \\ \hline 50 & 53 \\ \hline \end{array}
(i) State one conclusion that can be drawn from the results in Table 5.1 about the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.
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.....................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest why the investigation was not continued at temperatures above 50°C.
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(c) The investigation was repeated using the leafy shoot shown in Fig. 5.2.

(i) Predict how these results would be different to the results shown in Table 5.1.
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(ii) Give two reasons why the results would be different.
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(d) State one factor, other than temperature, that can affect the rate of transpiration.
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[1]

(a) Define the term \emph{genetic engineering}.
\text{...........................................................................................................................}
\text{...........................................................................................................................}
\text{...........................................................................................................................}
\text{...........................................................................................................................} \ [2]

(b) State \emph{two} examples of genetic engineering.
For each example, outline how it benefits humans.
Write your answers in Table 6.1.

\text{Table 6.1}
\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline\text{example} & \text{benefit to humans} \\ \hline\hline\ & \\ \hline\ & \\ \hline\end{array} \ [4]

The boxes on the left contain the names of some processes taking place in living organisms.
The boxes on the right contain descriptions of these processes.
Draw one straight line from each box on the left to a box on the right to link the name of the process with its description.
An example has been done for you.

[Image_1: Diagram showing various processes with their descriptions]

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled L and M. Write your answers on Fig. 8.1. [2]
(ii) Urea is excreted in the urine. Name the organ that produces urea and suggest how urea is transferred to the kidneys. [2]
[Image_1: Fig 8.1]
(b) In an investigation, the volume of urine produced by a student each day is measured. The results are shown in Table 8.1.
[Table_1: Table 8.1 - day, volume of urine /cm³ per day]
1: 1440, 2: 1510, 3: 1410, 4: 1445, 5: 910, 6: 1445, 7: 1500
Suggest three possible reasons for the lower volume of urine produced by the student on day 5.
1 ............................................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................................ [3]
(c) Outline three processes used in the treatment of sewage to make the water it contains safe for human use.
1 ............................................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................................ [3]

(a) (i) Table 9.1 contains examples of components of a balanced diet and foods that contain a high proportion of the component. Complete Table 9.1 by filling in the blank spaces.

Table 9.1

| component of balanced diet | food containing a high proportion of the component |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| fat | olive oil |
| | meat |
| | pasta |
| fibre (roughage) | |


(a) (ii) Name two other components of a balanced diet that are not listed in Table 9.1.
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(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a picture of food production on a modern farm.



The use of modern technology has increased the amount of food produced. State two examples of modern technology and explain how each has contributed to the amount of plants grown for food.

| example | explanation of technology |
|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |

(c) On modern farms crop plants can be grown as large-scale monocultures. Suggest two negative impacts on an ecosystem for this method of food production.
1 .................................................................................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................................................................................
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