Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2016 Winter Zone 1

(a) Complete the sentences. Use words from the list.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
arthropods carnivore consumer endoskeleton exoskeleton five four habitat herbivore population producer three vertebrates
Crustaceans all belong to the same group as insects, called ...................................... .
All crustaceans have at least ...................................... pairs of legs.
They also have a hard outer covering called an ....................................................... .
Seven individuals of one species, Cancer pagurus, were found in the same pool. These individuals make up a ...................................... .
Cancer pagurus is a ...................................... because it eats fish and other animals.
Seaweed makes its own food so it is a ...................................... . [6]

(b) The drawing of Cancer pagurus in Fig. 1.1 is not the same size as the actual animal.
State what would be needed to calculate its actual size and explain how you would do this calculation.
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(c) All the crustaceans were found living under rocks or seaweed.
Suggest two reasons why they were living there.
1 ....................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Two other crustaceans, Porcellana platycheles and Porcellana longicornis, were found in the same rock pool. They are closely related to each other.
(i) Describe how their scientific names show that they are closely related.
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(ii) Although they are closely related, they cannot successfully interbreed.
Describe how their scientific names show that they cannot successfully interbreed.
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(a) (i) The eye is a sense organ.
Define the term sense organ.
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(ii) Explain why the eye is described as an organ and not a tissue.
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(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a section through the eye.
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(i) Select letters from Fig. 2.1 to match the part with its function.
Write your answers in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
| function | letter |
|-----------------------------|--------|
| carries impulses to the brain | |
| contains light receptors to detect light | |
| controls how much light enters the eye | |
| refracts light | |
[4]
(ii) Write down the letter from Fig. 2.1 which shows the position of the blind spot.
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A student carried out an investigation into transpiration from leaves.

She chose leaves of a similar size from the same plant.

She weighed them and then placed them in different conditions.

As the leaves transpired they lost mass. 

Table 3.1 shows the results. 

(a) Complete the table by calculating: 

(i) the change in mass for leaf K .......................................................... [1]

(ii) the percentage change in mass for leaf J.

Show your working. Write your answer to one decimal place. [2]

(b) State which conditions caused the most transpiration in the leaves. [1]

(c) Fig. 3.1 shows four types of plant tissue involved in the transport of water through a plant. 

(i) Describe how tissue O is adapted for its function. [1]

(ii) Complete the flow chart by placing the letters of the cells M, N, O and P in the correct order, starting with the absorption of water.

absorption of water → ____________________ → _____________________ → __________________________ → transpiration from the leaf  [3]

(d) State the name of: 

(i) the type of tissue in which water is carried up the stem  [1]

(ii) another substance which is carried in the same tissue. [1]

The body has defences against pathogens. (a) (i) Define the term pathogen. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) State two ways a pathogen can be transmitted.
1 ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [2] (iii) The body can defend itself against pathogens. Complete Table 4.1 by stating examples of the body’s defences.
[Table_1: Complete Table 4.1]
Table 4.1 | defence | example | |------------------|-----------------| | mechanical barrier | | | chemical barrier | | [2]
(b) (i) Blood cells can also defend the body against pathogens. Outline how they do this. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) State one way in which modern medicine can help the body defend itself against pathogens. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [1]

Fig. 5.1 shows fish catches over 65 years.


Fig. 5.1
(a) State in which five year period:
(i) the greatest mass of fish was caught ..................................................... [1]
(ii) the smallest mass of fish was caught .................................................. [1]
(iii) Between 1900 and 1904, $37.4 \times 10^6$ kg of fish were caught.
Between 1960 and 1964, $23.4 \times 10^6$ kg of fish were caught.
Calculate the reduction in fish catches between 1900 and 1964.
Show your working.
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(b) In 1944 barriers were placed in the canals to stop lampreys entering the lakes.
Suggest whether the barriers were effective.
Explain your answer.
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(c) Studies have shown that human activities can affect trout numbers.
Suggest three human activities that could cause the trout numbers to drop.
1 ...........................................................................................................................
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2 ...........................................................................................................................
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3 ...........................................................................................................................
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(d) Describe two methods of conserving endangered species.
1 ...........................................................................................................................
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2 ...........................................................................................................................
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(a) Complete Table 6.1 about diffusion and active transport.

Place a tick (✓) in each box which is correct.

(b) Complete Table 6.2 by naming the organ where each of these examples of diffusion takes place.

(c) Water moves into plant cells by osmosis.

Explain how plants benefit from the build-up of water in their cells.

(a) Teeth are involved in mechanical digestion.
What is meant by the term mechanical digestion?
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(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a section through a molar tooth.

[Image_1: Fig. 7.1]

(i) On Fig. 7.1, label parts Q and R. [2]
(ii) State two reasons why this tooth cannot be a canine tooth.
1 ..........................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................
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(iii) Gum disease causes the gums to shrink from position T to position S, as shown on Fig. 7.1.
Suggest why the tooth is more likely to decay when the gums are at position S.
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(iv) State two ways of maintaining healthy teeth.
1 ..........................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................
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Fig. 8.1 shows the apparatus used for investigating the contents of cigarette smoke.

Fig. 8.1
The smoke from the burning cigarette is sucked through the apparatus.
Table 8.1 shows the results.
[Table_1]
Table 8.1
(a) (i) The chemical from the smoke that stained the cotton wool was tar.
State two effects tar has on the body.
1 ................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................
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(ii) State one conclusion that can be made from the limewater results.
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(iii) State what the Universal Indicator results show about cigarette smoke.
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(iv) Name one component of cigarette smoke, other than tar and carbon monoxide, not found in this investigation.
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(b) The cigarette had a filter to collect harmful substances, but it did not work very well.
Suggest how the results in Table 8.1 show that the filter did not work very well.
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(c) Explain why cigarette smoke makes the transport of oxygen by the blood less effective.
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Fig. 9.1 shows a genetic cross between a purple flower and a white flower. Components of the cross are labelled with the letters U–Z.



(a) Use the letters U, V, W, X, Y, or Z from Fig. 9.1 to answer the questions. You may use any letter once, more than once, or not at all.

State which letter represents:

(i) the genotype of a heterozygous parent .................. [1]

(ii) a gamete .................. [1]

(iii) the phenotype of an individual .................. [1]

(iv) a pure-breeding offspring. .................. [1]

(b) State the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers produced in this cross.

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