No questions found
(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the human gas exchange system.
(i) Identify using a label line and a label on Fig. 1.1:
• a lung
• the diaphragm. [2]
(ii) State the name of structure A in Fig. 1.1. [1]
(iii) Oxygen molecules pass through structure A on their way to the red blood cells.
State the names of three other structures in the gas exchange system that oxygen molecules must pass through on their way to the red blood cells. [3]
(iv) State the name of the process that moves oxygen into the red blood cells. [1]
(b) Fig. 1.2 is a magnified image of the exchange surface shown in region B in Fig. 1.1.
(i) State the name of the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the lungs. [1]
(ii) The gas exchange surface shown in Fig. 1.2 is permeable to make gas exchange efficient.
List two other features of gas exchange surfaces. [2]
(c) Oxygen concentration is higher in inspired air than in expired air.
State one other way the composition of inspired air differs from the composition of expired air. [1]
501
569
542
(a)
(i) List the chemical elements in a carbohydrate.
(ii) State the name of one chemical element that is found in a protein but is not found in a carbohydrate.
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a variegated leaf which uses photosynthesis to make carbohydrates.
A variegated leaf has green parts that contain chlorophyll and white parts that do not contain chlorophyll.
(i) State the word equation for photosynthesis.
(ii) The carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis can be stored as starch in the leaf. A plant with variegated leaves used up its store of starch because it was placed in the dark.
Explain why the plant used up its store of starch when it was placed in the dark.
(iii) The plant with variegated leaves was then left in a warm, sunny place. After a few days, a leaf from this plant was removed and tested for starch.
Predict the results of the starch test by placing ticks (✓) in Table 2.1.
(iv) State the name of the mineral ion that is needed to make chlorophyll.
(c) Starch is a large molecule.
The boxes on the left show the names of some other large molecules.
The boxes on the right show some sentence endings.
Draw five lines to make five correct sentences.
503
579
592
(a) Fig. 3.1 is a diagram showing stages during the development of a human embryo and fetus.
(i) Put a tick (✓) in the box that describes a human embryo.
| a ball of cells | [ ] |
| a cell with energy stores and a jelly coating | [ ] |
| a cell with a flagellum | [ ] |
| is made of cells that have a cell wall | [ ] |
(ii) Table 3.1 shows some of the events (D to J) that occur between fertilisation and birth. The events are not in the correct order.
[Table_1]
Put the events into the correct sequence by ordering the letters. One has been done for you.
J
[3]
(b) Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the list.
Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.
afterbirth amniotic sac amniotic fluid cervix oviduct penis
umbilical cord uterus wall vagina
Birth begins when the strong muscles of the .................................................... start to contract.
This causes the .................................................... to dilate. The .................................................... can
break at this stage. The muscles start to push the baby out. The baby moves through the .................................................... . The .................................................... is tied and cut. Finally the .................................................... is delivered. [6]
[Total: 10]
510
563
567
(a) (i) Define the term genetic engineering.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State one example of genetic engineering.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of a fruit fly with normal wings and a fruit fly with vestigial wings.
Fig. 4.1
A gene determines whether fruit flies have normal wings or vestigial wings.
There are two alleles for this gene:
• A is dominant and represents the allele for normal wings
• a is recessive and represents the allele for vestigial wings.
(i) A homozygous dominant fruit fly was crossed with a heterozygous fruit fly.
Complete the genetic diagram to predict the probability of the offspring having vestigial wings.
parental phenotypes normal wings $\times$ normal wings
parental genotypes ................................ $\times$ ................................
gametes (.............), (.............) $\times$ (.............), (.............)
offspring genotypes ................ ............... ............... ...............
offspring phenotypes ................ ............... ............... ...............
probability of offspring having vestigial wings .............................................. [5]
(ii) State the genotype of a pure-breeding fruit fly that has normal wings.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) The binomial name for a fruit fly is Drosophila melanogaster.
State the genus of this fruit fly.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
562
593
547
(a) Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a human molar tooth.
(i) Use label lines and labels to identify these structures on Fig. 5.1:
• cement
• gum
• nerves. [3]
(ii) State the function of the canine teeth in humans. [1]
(b) Sheep are herbivores. They do not have canine teeth, or teeth in the front upper jaw. The other types of teeth in sheep are similar to humans.
Fig. 5.2 shows an x-ray of the teeth in the skull of a sheep.
The boxes on the left show a letter from Fig. 5.2.
The boxes in the middle show the name of a type of tooth shown in Fig. 5.2.
The boxes on the right show the function of each type of tooth.
Draw one line to link each letter from Fig. 5.2 to its correct name.
Draw one line to link each name to its correct function.
(c) Fig. 5.3 is a diagram showing the stages of dental decay.
(i) Describe the causes of dental decay. Use the letters in Fig. 5.3 in your answer. [4]
(ii) Describe one way of preventing dental decay. [1]
509
505
522
(a) The activity of the heart can be monitored by measuring the pulse rate.
Two students measured their pulse rates before, during and after exercise.
The results are shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
(i) Describe the changes in the pulse rates shown in Fig. 6.1 for student A and student B.
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................. [4]
(ii) Calculate the percentage change in the pulse rate between 0 and 15 minutes for student A.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Space for working.
................ % [3]
(iii) State two other methods that can be used to monitor the activity of the heart.
1 .............................................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Exercise levels, environmental temperature and changes in water intake can affect the volume and concentration of urine produced.
Complete the sentences by circling the correct words in bold.
The first sentence has been done for you.
More exercise causes the volume of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same and the concentration of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same.
A greater intake of water causes the volume of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same and the concentration of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same.
A higher environmental temperature causes the volume of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same and the concentration of urine to increase / decrease / stay the same. [2]
[Total: 11]
594
517
561
Measles is an example of a transmissible disease that is caused by a virus.
(a) Complete the definition of transmissible disease.
A transmissible disease is a disease in which the ................................................ can be passed from one .............................................. to another. [2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 is a pie chart showing the number of people infected with four different transmissible diseases in one country in 2018.
(i) State the name of the disease with the smallest number of infections in Fig. 7.1. [1]
(ii) Use the information in Fig. 7.1 to calculate the total number of people infected with these four diseases. [1]
(iii) State the type of organism that causes cholera. [1]
(c)
(i) The list shows some examples of ways that disease-causing organisms can be transmitted.
air animals blood contaminated surfaces food
Complete Table 7.1 to show which are examples of direct contact and which are examples of indirect contact.
Each example can be used once, more than once or not at all.
(ii) Table 7.2 shows three ways the body can defend itself and some examples of the three methods.
Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the correct type of defence mechanism for each example.
[3]
591
580
575
