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What is a characteristic of all living organisms?
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515
The bonobo and the chimpanzee are two closely related species.
What is the most accurate method of deciding how closely related species are?
547
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571
Scientists discover a new species of animal. It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?
582
566
540
Which part of a cell makes glucose?
519
520
587
The diagram shows some of the blood vessels and other structures in the human body.
The blood vessels shown are all parts of the same
561
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528
A photograph shows a plant cell nucleus measuring 2 mm across.
If the magnification of the cell is \times500, what is the actual size of the nucleus?
542
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502
By which process do oxygen and carbon dioxide move between cells and capillaries?
550
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563
Which process is involved in the uptake of glucose by the epithelial cells of kidney tubules?
565
542
565
Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates?
579
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527
The sequence of the bases present on one strand of a DNA molecule is shown.
ATTGGACGGT
Which sequence shows the bases present on the opposite strand?
508
521
508
Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach. What is the reason for this?
592
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586
Which statement about an enzyme-controlled reaction is correct?
533
510
505
A plant with striped leaves was kept in bright light for six hours.
[Image_1: A diagram of a plant leaf with white and green stripes.]
A leaf was taken from the plant and the chlorophyll was removed. The leaf was then tested for starch using iodine solution.
Which diagram shows the result of the test?
510
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548
The graph shows daily carbon dioxide uptake and transpiration by the plant Agave americana. The plant is adapted to live in very dry conditions.
What can be concluded from this graph?
534
541
548
Statements 1 to 4 describe stages in the development of cholera.
1. Chloride ions are secreted into the gut.
2. Osmosis causes water to move into the gut.
3. The infected person becomes dehydrated.
4. Toxins are produced by the pathogenic bacteria.
What is the correct sequence of the four stages?
583
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538
The diagram shows part of the human body.
Which statement about organs X and Y is correct?
586
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555
Which sequence describes the pathway taken by water as it moves through a plant?
542
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541
The diagram shows a plant at different times of year.
Stage 1: At the start of the growing season, the plant uses the food reserves stored in the bulb for the growth of shoots and leaves.
Stage 2: Later in the season, the leaves of the plant photosynthesise and the food reserves in the bulb are replaced.
What is the role of the bulb during stage 1 and stage 2?
596
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599
What is the sequence of organs that blood passes through during one circulation of the body of a fish?
532
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512
A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles virus.
The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child's bloodstream during this time.
Which statement is consistent with the information in the graph?
535
515
539
Which sequence of changes takes place when we breathe in?
556
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506
What is the link between muscle contraction, protein synthesis and the maintenance of a constant body temperature?
582
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535
After vigorous exercise, an athlete continues to breathe deeply during the recovery period. During this recovery period the oxygen debt is removed. Which reaction is used to remove the oxygen debt?
522
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511
The diagram shows some of the organs in the human body.
Which row matches the function to the correct organ?
[Table_1]
580
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537
What is the result of the release of adrenaline?
[Table_1]
525
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558
A person's skin looks more red in a warm environment than it does in a cool environment.
Which explanation is correct?
529
535
559
The diagram shows a plant next to a window.
Which statement explains the plant shoot’s growth?
537
578
539
The graph shows how smoking different numbers of cigarettes for different lengths of time affects the risk of lung cancer. Which conclusions are supported by the data in the graph?
1. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day always increases the risk of lung cancer more than smoking less than 20 cigarettes per day.
2. Smoking cigarettes for more years increases the risk of lung cancer.
3. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 50 years has the highest risk of lung cancer.
589
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509
The life cycle of aphids includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Which statement is correct?
537
557
599
Modern agricultural methods often use artificial insemination (AI) to breed dairy cattle.
Which statement describes the process of artificial insemination?
518
596
552
The Tasmanian devil is an animal with seven pairs of chromosomes in each body cell.
The diagram shows the chromosomes in a cell from a Tasmanian devil.
Which statement is correct?
540
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534
Some statements about mitosis are listed.
1. Cells divide and produce new cells to repair damaged tissues.
2. Chromosomes are duplicated and the cell separates to form gametes.
3. Chromosomes are duplicated and the cell separates to form genetically identical cells.
4. Mitosis is used in asexual reproduction.
Which statements are correct?
511
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544
Coat colour in cattle is controlled by two codominant alleles. The genotype $C^R C^R$ results in cattle with a red coloured coat. The genotype $C^W C^W$ results in cattle with a white coloured coat. The genotype $C^R C^W$ results in a roan coat; these cattle have a mixture of red hairs and white hairs in their coat.
A mating occurs between a red cow and a roan bull.
What is the expected ratio of coat colour in the offspring?
523
508
600
Which feature would help a plant to survive in a dry environment?
530
538
595
What occurs as a result of artificial selection?
558
548
518
Which type of energy is passed from organism to organism in a food chain?
583
591
537
The diagram shows a food web.
How many organisms feed at more than one trophic level?
575
571
533
Bacteria can be used to make human proteins. Which statement explains why this is possible when a human gene is placed in a bacterial cell?
505
597
585
The process of eutrophication begins with the increased availability of nitrate ions and other ions in water.
The processes involved in eutrophication are listed.
1 increased aerobic respiration by decomposers
2 increased death of producers due to lack of light
3 rapid growth of producers
4 oxygen concentration in the water decreases and more organisms die
What is the correct sequence?
583
538
528
