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An Amoeba is a single-celled organism.
The diagram shows an Amoeba engulfing a food particle.
Which characteristics of living organisms are shown?
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Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.
What does this indicate about these animals?
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507
The diagram shows two guard cells. Which label is correct?
563
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589
The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.
The actual length of the mitochondrion is $3 \mu m$.
What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?
552
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538
The diagram shows some cells.
Where are these cells found?
501
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563
In which diagram would oxygen diffuse into the cell?
546
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520
Which statement about the role of the pressure of water in supporting plants is correct?
570
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544
The bases on one of the strands of a DNA molecule have the sequence shown.
A-A-T-C-T-G
What is the corresponding sequence of bases on the other strand?
544
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In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.
The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.
Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?
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An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows the results.
What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?
[Table_1]
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Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram. In which test-tube is the starch digested most quickly?
599
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Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is kept in the dark.
After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each test-tube?
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The diagram shows part of a leaf cross-section.
Which cells can carry out photosynthesis?
532
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Which part of the alimentary canal produces an enzyme that digests proteins?
597
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510
The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.
What is process X?
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How is the structure of root hair cells related to their function?
558
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522
In plants, how are amino acids moved between sources and sinks?
509
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Which component of blood produces antibodies?
522
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The diagram shows the external structure of the human heart. Which label identifies a coronary artery?
555
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549
Which row shows what happens at the start of inspiration? [Table_1]
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Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed.
1 mucus
2 skin
3 stomach acid
4 phagocytosis
Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues?
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505
The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.
Which row shows the correct labels?
525
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599
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
526
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567
The diagram shows a kidney tubule. In which part of the tubule is the glucose concentration highest?
513
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558
What happens to the muscles in the iris when a person moves from a brightly lit room to a dimly lit room?
560
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533
What happens when someone has a low blood glucose concentration?
593
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543
How can the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria be reduced?
516
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A seed is placed and grown on a rotating disc, as shown.
Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling shoot after seven days?
529
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Which statement describes a structural adaptation of wind-pollinated flowers?
580
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579
What are likely consequences of HIV infection?
1. decreased lymphocyte numbers
2. reduced active immunity
3. reduced passive immunity
527
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512
Which row is correct for the type of cell?
566
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538
Which structures in bacterial cells synthesise proteins?
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550
A man with blood group AB and a woman with blood group O have a child.
What are the correct percentages of the possible blood groups for this child?
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Which statement about a person who is heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele is correct?
578
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530
A species of insect usually has pale-coloured wings. This helps to camouflage them on pale-coloured tree trunks. A few of the insects in this species have darker coloured wings. After a number of years the tree trunks become darker in colour due to environmental changes. The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured wings in this species. Which process causes this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?
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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. Which letter represents denitrification?
537
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Reasons why bacteria might be used in biotechnology and genetic engineering are listed.
1. All bacteria are harmless organisms.
2. Bacteria contain plasmids.
3. Bacteria share the same genetic code as other organisms.
4. There is a lack of ethical concerns about using bacteria.
Which reasons make bacteria useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering?
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Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human proteins, such as human insulin. Which enzyme is used to join the human gene and the bacterial plasmid together to create a recombinant plasmid?
504
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502
The bar chart shows the tolerance of some river organisms to different levels of pH.
Which organisms would be most affected if the pH of a river decreased from pH 6.0 to pH 5.5?
592
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535
What is meant by a sustainable resource?
510
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531
