Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2021 Winter Zone 3

Respiration is a process that occurs in all living organisms.

(a) (i) Complete the definition of aerobic respiration.
The ................................. reactions in cells that use .................................... to break down ........................................ molecules to release energy. [3]

(ii) State two uses of the energy released by respiration in the human body.
1 ..................................................
2 ..................................................
[2]

(iii) Carbon dioxide is one chemical product of aerobic respiration.
State the name of the other chemical product of aerobic respiration.
..................................................
[1]

(b) A student investigated respiration at two different temperatures in germinating pea seeds.
The apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.1.
Soda lime is a chemical that absorbs carbon dioxide.

Fig. 1.1
The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.1.
[Table_1]
Table 1.1

(i) Calculate the percentage increase in the distance the oil drop moved, when the temperature changed from 5°C to 25°C.
Give your answer to one decimal place.
Space for working.
............................................... %
[3]

(ii) State two environmental conditions that the pea seeds shown in Fig. 1.1 would need for germination.
1 ..................................................
2 ..................................................
[2]

Transmissible diseases are caused by pathogens.
(a) Cholera is a transmissible disease that causes diarrhoea.
State the type of organism that causes cholera.
............................................................................................................... [1]
(b) One method of controlling the spread of disease is to treat raw sewage to make it safe.
(i) Describe how raw sewage is treated to make the water safe to drink and safe to release into the sea.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State one other method of controlling the spread of disease.
............................................................................................................... [1]
(c) The body has defences against diseases.
(i) The body has barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
State the name of one mechanical barrier and one chemical barrier.
mechanical ...............................................................................................
chemical ................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) State one product of white blood cells that defends the body from pathogens.
............................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows a diagram of a cross-section through a leaf.

(i) State the name of the tissues labelled D and E.
D .........................................................................................................................................
E ......................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State the name of the cell structure labelled F.
................................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Plant cells photosynthesise.
State the word equation for photosynthesis.
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A student investigated the effect of light on the rate of photosynthesis.
Fig. 3.2 shows the apparatus used.

A lamp was used as the only source of light. The lamp was placed 10 cm from the aquatic plant. The number of bubbles the aquatic plant produced in three minutes was counted and the rate of photosynthesis was calculated. This method was repeated at 10 cm intervals.
The results are shown in Table 3.1.
[Table_1]
(i) Use the information in Table 3.1 to calculate the rate of photosynthesis when the lamp was 30 cm from the aquatic plant.
.............................. bubbles per minute [1]
(ii) State the two distances between which the rate of photosynthesis halved.
.............................. cm and ............................. cm [1]
(iii) State two distances which have the same rate of photosynthesis.
.............................. cm and ............................. cm [1]
(iv) Predict what would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the lamp was switched off.
Give a reason for your answer.
prediction .........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
reason ..................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(a) Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of the female reproductive system.


Table 4.1 shows some of the names and functions of the structures labelled with letters J to M in Fig. 4.1. Complete Table 4.1.

[Table_1]

(b) There are a range of birth control options available to humans. Table 4.2 shows some information about types of birth control. Complete Table 4.2.

[Table_2]

(a) A class of students measured their wrist circumference, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
Wrist circumference is an example of a characteristic that shows continuous variation in humans.

Fig. 5.2 shows the results of the investigation.

(i) Calculate the total number of students in this investigation.
..........................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) State the most frequent wrist circumference range.
..........................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) Explain how these data show that wrist circumference is an example of continuous variation.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) State one example of discontinuous variation.
..........................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) Variation can be caused by mutation.
Complete the sentences about mutation.
A mutation is a .............................................. change.
Mutation is the way new .............................................. are formed which are versions of a gene.
Mutation can be caused by .............................................. radiation and some chemicals.
[3]

Carbon is a part of many biological molecules.
(a) Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of part of the carbon cycle.
[Image_1: Diagram of carbon cycle]
(i) State the name of the process labelled A.
................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the name of the process labelled B.
................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) State the name of C.
................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv) State the name of D.
................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe the undesirable effects of deforestation.
................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Methane is a gas that pollutes the atmosphere.
(i) State one source of the methane that pollutes the atmosphere.
................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the effects of an increased concentration of methane in the atmosphere.
................................................................................................................. [2]

(a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of an animal cell.

Complete Table 7.1 by stating the functions of the structures labelled in Fig. 7.1.
[Table_1]
(b) Cell structure can be specialised to perform a specific function. A range of animal cell types are shown in Fig. 7.2.
The boxes on the left contain the names of four specialised cells.
The boxes in the middle contain diagrams of different specialised cells.
The boxes on the right contain descriptions of functions.
Draw one line from each name of a specialised cell to the diagram of that cell.
Draw one line from each diagram of a specialised cell to its function.
Two lines have been drawn for you. Draw six more lines.

(a) (i) State the type of pathogen that can be treated with antibiotics.
....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the pathogen that can lead to AIDS.
....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Many pathogens have developed resistance to some antibiotics. A study took samples of pathogens and tested them for resistance to various types of antibiotics. Fig. 8.1 shows the percentage of pathogens sampled that were resistant to various antibiotics. The samples were taken between 2000 and 2013.



(i) State the meaning of antibiotic resistance.
....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the pattern of resistance for the three antibiotics shown in Fig. 8.1.
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Some medicinal drugs, such as human insulin, can be made using biotechnology and genetic engineering.

(i) State where insulin is produced in humans.
....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the function of insulin in humans.
....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) (i) State why bacteria are useful in biotechnology.
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe the role of yeast in biotechnology.
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(a) Define inheritance. ........................................ ...................................................................... ...................................................................... ............................................................................. [2]

(b) Some of the characteristics of pea plants are controlled by genes. An example of a characteristic of pea seeds is shown in Fig. 9.1. The allele for a smooth seed coat is dominant and is represented by the letter R. The allele for a wrinkled seed coat is recessive and is represented by the letter r.



Fig. 9.1

The boxes on the left contain descriptions of genotypes.
The boxes on the right contain examples of the possible genotypes of the pea seeds shown in Fig. 9.1.
Draw a line to link each description to the correct genotype.
Draw two lines.

description of a genotype ........................ genotype
heterozygous genotype ................................... r
.............................................. rr
homozygous recessive genotype ...................... Rr
.............................................. RR
[2]

(c) Complete the sentence.
A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a .............................................. . [1]

[Total: 5]