Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2015 Winter Zone 2

Use the key to identify the insects labelled A, B, E and F. Write your answers in Table 1.1.


key
\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text{description} & \text{name of insect} \\ \hline 1 & (a) \text{insect has wings} & \text{go to 2} \\ & (b) \text{insect has no wings} & \text{go to 3} \\ 2 & (a) \text{one pair of wings} & \text{go to 4} \\ & (b) \text{two pairs of wings} & \text{go to 5} \\ 3 & (a) \text{two tail pieces} & \text{springtail} \\ & (b) \text{three tail pieces} & \text{silverfish} \\ 4 & (a) \text{abdomen is pointed} & \text{robber fly} \\ & (b) \text{abdomen is rounded} & \text{hoverfly} \\ 5 & (a) \text{antennae are pointed} & \text{large yellow moth} \\ & (b) \text{antennae have rounded ends} & \text{clouded yellow butterfly} \\ \hline \end{array}

Table 1.1
\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text{insect} & \text{name of insect} \\ \hline A & \\ B & \\ E & \\ F & \\ \hline \end{array}

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows some capillaries near the skin surface.
[Image_1: Diagram of capillaries under epidermis showing one with large blood flow and another with small blood flow]

Fig. 2.1

(i) State the condition in the body that would cause these capillaries to have a large blood flow.
..................................................[1]

(ii) Describe and explain one other response of the body to the condition you have stated in (a)(i).
..................................................[2]

(iii) Explain why mammals increase blood flow to the skin surface.
..................................................[2]

(b) A doctor will often use a thermometer to help in the diagnosis of illness.
Fig. 2.2 shows a thermometer and a range of body temperatures.
[Image_2: Diagram of thermometer showing range from hypothermia to hyperthermia across various temperatures with markers for resting and exercising]

Fig. 2.2

State the temperature at which the body begins to suffer from hypothermia.
.................................................. °C [1]

(c) Explain why the body temperature is slightly higher when exercising than when resting.
..................................................[2]

(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow on blood vessel $C$ to show the direction of blood flow. [1]
(ii) Name the blood vessels labelled $A$, $B$ and $C$, shown in Fig. 3.1.
$A$ .............................................................
$B$ .............................................................
$C$ ............................................................. [3]
(iii) On Fig. 3.1, draw a line to complete the circulation of blood for the alimentary canal. Label this line with the correct name of this blood vessel. [2]
(b) Table 3.1 shows some of the characteristics of blood vessels.
Complete Table 3.1 by writing:
• YES if the characteristic is present
• NO if the characteristic is absent.

[Table 3.1]
| characteristic | blood vessel |
|---------------|---------------------|
| | aorta | vena cava | capillary |
| thick, elastic wall | YES | | |
| valves present along length | NO | | |
| transports oxygenated blood | | NO | |
| amino acids pass through walls | NO | | |
[4]
(c) Fig. 3.2 shows the heart of a person who has recovered from a mild heart attack as a result of having coronary heart disease.
(i) Name the blood vessel labelled $R$, shown on Fig. 3.2.
............................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name one substance which could block blood vessel $R$.
............................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain why a blockage at point $P$ on Fig. 3.2 is likely to cause a serious, possibly fatal, heart attack.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
............................................................................... [3]

(a) The boxes on the left contain some genetic terms and the boxes on the right contain definitions of these genetic terms.
Draw one straight line to join each term with its correct definition. Draw only six lines.

term definition
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| genotype | | having two different alleles of the same gene |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| dominant | | the physical features of an organism |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| heterozygous | | the genetic make-up of an organism |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| phenotype | | an allele that is expressed in a heterozygote |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| haploid | | a length of DNA which codes for a specific protein |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+
| gene | | containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
+------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------+

(b) (i) Define the term mitosis.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................[1]

(ii) One role of mitosis is to repair damaged tissues.
State two other examples of when mitosis occurs.
1 ..........................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................[2]

(c) The number of human male and female babies born is approximately equal.
Fig. 4.1 is an incomplete diagram to show the inheritance of the sex chromosomes in humans.

(i) Complete Fig. 4.1 by filling in the sex chromosomes of the gametes and children. [2]

parents mother father
+-----------+ +----+ +----+
| | | XX | | XY |
+-----------+ +----+ +----+
gametes
+-----------+ +----+ +----+
| eggs |---------| | | |---------| sperm |
+-----------+ +----+ +----+
children
+------------+
| |
+------------+
+------------+
| |
+------------+
+------------+
| |
+------------+
+------------+
| |
+------------+

Fig. 4.1

(ii) The couple in Fig. 4.1 are expecting another child.
State the probability (chance) that it will be a boy.
.....................................[1]

(iii) Write a letter M on Fig. 4.1 to show where meiosis occurs. [1]

Fig. 5.1 shows the internal structure of a tooth.

(a) (i) Name the type of tooth shown in Fig. 5.1.
...............................................................[1]
(ii) Name the parts of the tooth labelled K, L, M and N.
Write your answers in the boxes on Fig. 5.1. [4]
(b) Describe how dental (tooth) decay is caused.
...................................................................................[3]

(a) Fig. 6.1 is a graph which shows the growth of different parts of the human body.

[Image]

Fig. 6.1
Use information from Fig. 6.1 to:
(i) state the age at which the head reaches full size
......................................... years [1]

(ii) give two age ranges during which the growth rate of the whole body is very rapid
from .............................. to ..............................
from .............................. to .............................. [2]

(iii) describe and explain the change in the growth of the reproductive tissues between 14 and 20 years of age.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) The development of the fetus can be affected by a pregnant woman’s lifestyle.

(i) State a possible effect on the fetus of a shortage of calcium in the mother’s diet.
.........................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii) State a possible effect on the newborn baby if the mother smokes during pregnancy.
.........................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(a) Fig. 7.1 shows part of the carbon cycle. The boxes represent processes within this cycle. [Image_1: Fig. 7.1]
(i) Complete the carbon cycle shown in Fig. 7.1 by choosing processes from this list. Write the name of a process in each of the boxes on Fig. 7.1. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
combustion deamination decomposition denaturation
egestion feeding photosynthesis respiration [4]
(ii) Write the word equation for aerobic respiration. [2]
(iii) Manure is a source of natural fertiliser which can be used to improve the growth of crops. Explain one way that the overuse of fertilisers can be harmful to the environment. [4]
(b) In some parts of the world there is not enough food to feed all of the human population. Farmers sometimes cut down forests to provide more land for growing crops or keeping cattle. This process is called deforestation. Explain how deforestation can be harmful to the environment. [3]

(c) There can be a shortage of water in highly-developed countries where water use is very high. Fig. 7.2 shows the water use in one country in Europe. [Image_2: Fig. 7.2]
(i) Calculate the percentage of water used in irrigation and animal farming. Show your working. [2]
(ii) Some water is used to flush waste from domestic toilets. Give one reason why this waste water must be treated before it can be re-used. [1]
(iii) Boiling foods in water can reduce their nutrient level by removing vitamins. Name the vitamin which is needed to prevent the disease scurvy. [1]

Fig. 8.1 shows a structure found in the wall of the small intestine.

(a)
(i) Name the structure shown in Fig. 8.1.
.....................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State one function of this structure.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Table 8.1 contains information about the digestion of the three main types of food.
Fill in the spaces to complete Table 8.1.
[Table_1]
Table 8.1