Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2017 Summer Zone 1

Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of the eye.

(a) State the name of A and B. Write your answers on Fig. 1.1. [2]
(b) (i) Describe how B will change when a bright light shines on it. [1]
(ii) Suggest how this change protects the eye. [2]

The boxes on the left contain the names of parts of the body that produce hormones.
The boxes in the centre contain the names of hormones.
The boxes on the right contain functions of these hormones.
(a) Draw one straight line to link each hormone to the part of the body where it is produced.
Draw one straight line to link each hormone to its function.

part of the body hormone function


(b) State how hormones are transported round the body.
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............................................................................................................ [1]

Fig. 3.1 shows the blood flow to certain parts of the body of a student who is sitting down.



(a) Use Fig. 3.1 to state the blood flow to the skeletal muscles in the student when he is sitting down.
.............................................................[1]

(b) State the name of two organs in the body whose blood flow is not shown on the graph.
1 .............................................................
2 .............................................................
[2]

Fig. 3.2 shows the blood flow to the same parts of the body when the student is exercising.



(c) (i) Use the information from Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2 to calculate the percentage increase in the blood flow to the skeletal muscles when the student exercises.
Show your working.
.............................................................%
[2]

(ii) During exercise the muscles need more energy.
Name two chemicals the muscles absorb from the blood to release energy for contraction.
1 .............................................................
2 .............................................................
[2]

(iii) Explain why blood flow to the heart muscle increases when the person exercises.
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[3]

(d) Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2 show that during exercise the blood flow to the alimentary canal and the blood flow to the skin change.

(i) Describe the changes in blood flow that occur in the alimentary canal and the skin during exercise.
alimentary canal .............................................................
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skin .............................................................
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[3]

(ii) Suggest a reason for the change in blood flow to the alimentary canal during exercise.
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[1]

(iii) Explain why the blood flow to the skin changes during exercise.
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[3]

Choose words from the list to complete the sentences about respiration.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose
glycerol, lactic acid, oxygen, water
During exercise muscle cells can respire anaerobically and convert ......................................................
to ...................................................... .
When yeast cells respire anaerobically they produce ................................................. and ......................................................... .

An adaptive feature helps an organism survive in its environment.
Adaptive features are inherited.
Fig. 5.1 contains diagrams of three animals.
(a) For each animal, select one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 5.1 and briefly suggest how it helps the animal to survive.
An example has been done for you.
not drawn to scale


animal C
adaptive feature: antlers (horns) on head
help in survival: used for defence against predators
animal D

adaptive feature: .............................................................
help in survival: .............................................................
.............................................................
animal E

adaptive feature: .............................................................
help in survival: .............................................................
.............................................................

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows a giraffe and an okapi.

The long neck is an adaptive feature for giraffes.
It helps them feed on leaves that other animals like the okapi cannot reach.
Giraffes developed long necks by the process of natural selection.
The statements in Table 5.1 are about how natural selection occurred in giraffes.
[Table_1]
Arrange these statements in a sequence to explain how natural selection occurred in giraffes.
One has been done for you.

(a) (i) Table 6.1 gives a comparison between the bronchiole of a non-smoker and a smoker. Use Fig. 6.1 to complete Table 6.1. An example has been done for you.

Table 6.1
| feature | bronchiole of non-smoker | bronchiole of smoker |
|---------------|-------------------------|---------------------|
| length of cilia| | |
| number of cilia| | |
| size of air space | wide | narrow |
| mucus layer | | |
[3]
(ii) Identify two other ways in which the bronchiole in a non-smoker is different from the bronchiole in a smoker.
1 .................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A person who smokes has a higher risk of lung infections than a person who does not smoke. Use evidence from Fig. 6.1 to explain why the smoker has a higher risk of lung infections than a non-smoker.
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[2]
(c) State the name of two substances in tobacco smoke that are harmful.
1 .................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]

Use the key to identify the plants that these leaves came from. Write the letter for each leaf in the key.



Key

[Table_1]

The table given shows:
| description | name of organism | letter |
|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|--------|
| 1 (a) veins parallel | go to 2 | |
| (b) veins not parallel | go to 3 | |
| 2 (a) leaf length more than six times leaf width | Plantago maritima | |
| at its widest point | | |
| (b) leaf length less than six times leaf width | Plantago lanceolata | |
| at its widest point | | |
| 3 (a) leaf has thorns (spikes) | Ilex aquifolium | |
| (b) leaf has no thorns (spikes) | go to 4 | |
| 4 (a) leaf not divided into sections | Nymphaea alba | |
| (b) leaf divided into sections | go to 5 | |
| 5 (a) leaf divided into 3 sections | Trifolium pratense | |
| (b) leaf divided into 8 sections | Lupinus arboreus | |

(a) Define the term chemical digestion.
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[3]

(b) Identify the structures in Fig. 8.1 and use the letters to complete Table 8.1.
An example has been done for you.

Table 8.1
| name of structure | letter from Fig. 8.1 |
|-------------------|----------------------|
| salivary gland | P |
| anus | |
| large intestine | |
| mouth | |
| pancreas | |
| stomach | |
[5]
[Image_1: Fig. 8.1 shows a diagram of the alimentary canal with labeled parts N, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, X.]

(c) State one function of the liver and one function of the small intestine.
function of the liver ...........................................................
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function of the small intestine ...........................................................
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[2]

(d) Describe how the protein in food is digested in the alimentary canal.
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[4]

(e) The condition where watery faeces are lost from the body is called diarrhoea.
Outline one way in which diarrhoea can be treated.
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[1]

Fig. 9.1 shows a photomicrograph of a section through a leaf.

(a) (i) State the name of the layers of the leaf labelled X and Y in Fig. 9.1. [2]

(ii) The cells in layer X are transparent. Suggest a reason for this. [1]

(b) (i) State the name of the structure labelled Z in Fig. 9.1. [1]

(ii) State the name of the process by which gases move into and out of Z. [1]

(iii) Complete Table 9.1 by placing one tick in each row to show the net movement of gases through Z on a hot, dry, sunny day. [3]

(c) (i) State two substances that are made during photosynthesis. [2]

(ii) State the name of the green pigment needed for photosynthesis. [1]