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Which characteristic do all living organisms show?
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572
The diagram shows some animal cells, as seen under the microscope.
What will be present at X?
597
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576
A plant has leaves that have white areas and green areas.
Which cell structures are not present in the white areas?
554
562
567
The diagram shows a section through a root.
What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?
584
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502
Which characteristics are correct for both osmosis and diffusion? [Table_1]
555
570
570
Which is an example of active transport?
552
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546
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the time taken for protein to be digested by an enzyme. The table shows the results.
[Table_1]
For these results, at which temperature does the enzyme denature?
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Four test-tubes are set up as shown. Which test-tube contains the most carbon dioxide after one hour?
554
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553
The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf.
What is the cell labelled X?
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581
The nutrient ions present in four different soils are shown.
Which soil would be best for growing healthy, green plants?
[Table_1]
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513
Which disease is caused by a deficiency of iron in the diet?
512
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563
Statements 1–4 describe stages in the development of cholera.
1. Chloride ions are secreted in the gut.
2. Osmosis causes water to move into the gut.
3. The infected person becomes dehydrated.
4. Toxins are produced by the pathogenic bacteria.
What is the correct sequence of the four stages?
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597
The graph shows the effect of pH on the activity of three different enzymes.
The table shows the pH of different parts of the alimentary canal.
[Table_1]
Which enzymes in the graph are likely to be protease enzymes?
552
569
530
The diagram shows a cross-section of a plant stem.
What is the function of the tissue labelled V?
504
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558
Which process occurs during transpiration?
534
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565
The diagrams show an experiment on transpiration.
Four leaves of the same species are balanced on two drinking straws. One or both sides of the leaves are covered in grease. Any difference in mass causes the heavier end to be lower.
At the start of the experiment the straws were positioned so that the leaves were level.
Which leaves will be lower after an hour?
556
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599
Which chamber of the heart has the most muscular wall?
596
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571
A deficiency in which of the following may result in a person’s blood failing to clot properly?
532
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593
Which is a function of some white blood cells?
539
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527
A longitudinal section of the kidney and some associated structures have been labelled. Which labelling is correct?
600
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501
The diagram shows a reflex arc.
What is X?
530
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554
Which responses occur in the iris of the eye when a person walks from a dimly lit area to a brightly lit area?
[Table_1]
508
561
508
Which is the result of the release of adrenaline?
543
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564
Penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by preventing them from forming cell walls.
Why does penicillin not affect viruses?
529
572
529
Dianthus flowers can be one of three different colours: red, pink or white. A red flower is always homozygous and a white flower is always homozygous. Pink flowers are heterozygous. If a red and a white flower are crossed, what percentage of the offspring will be pink?
509
536
530
Which row correctly shows whether the nuclei of the cells are diploid or haploid?[Table_1]
559
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522
Which hormone causes the lining of the uterus to become thick and glandular before ovulation?
517
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532
Which blood component is destroyed in people who are HIV positive?
563
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590
Which row describes the genetic code in DNA? [Table_1]
571
510
571
Cell division by meiosis of a parent cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes will result in
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585
Colour blindness is a condition that occurs more frequently in men than in women. Which statement about this condition is correct?
578
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502
Which feature is an example of discontinuous variation?
567
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534
In which processes is light energy converted to chemical energy? [Table_1]
517
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578
The graph shows the changes in the populations of predator and prey over a period of time. Which point on the graph shows a decrease in predator population?
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531
Which feature of bacteria makes them useful in genetic engineering?
568
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592
Why is yeast used in breadmaking?
589
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559
The graph shows the levels of dissolved oxygen and mineral ions in a river. At which point does raw sewage enter the river?
541
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588
