Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2017 Winter Zone 3

(a) State \textbf{two} features that are characteristic of all birds.

1 ...........................................

2 ........................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 is a key to identify the five birds in Fig. 1.1.

!

Use the key to identify the five birds shown in Fig. 1.1.
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the letters A, B, C, D and E in the boxes next to the name of each bird.

![Table_1]

[4]

(c) Bird A in Fig. 1.1 feeds mainly on small animals found in the mud or in the water.
It has long legs and a long beak.

(i) Suggest how these features help it to survive in its habitat.
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(ii) State the name of the process that has produced birds with these features.
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(a) (i) Identify the letter on Fig. 2.1 that shows where urine is stored.
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(ii) State the name of the organ where urine is stored.
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(b) The ureter and the urethra are two parts of the organ system shown in Fig. 2.1. Describe the function of these two structures.
ureter ..........................................................................................................................
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urethra ..........................................................................................................................
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(c) Urine contains urea.
(i) Circle the substance that is broken down to produce urea.
amino acids fatty acids hydrochloric acid lactic acid [1]

(ii) State the name of the organ that produces urea.
................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) A scientist compared the daily water intake and daily water loss from an athlete on two separate days. The first set of results was collected on a day when the athlete was resting. The second set of results was collected on the day of a long race. The results are shown in Table 2.1.

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text{rest day} & \text{race day} \\ \hline \begin{array}{l}\text{water input} /\text{cm}^{3}\\\text{respiration} & 400\\\text{food} & 500\\\text{drink} & 1500\\\text{urine} & ..........\\\text{Total} & .......... \\ \end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text{water loss} /\text{cm}^{3}\\\text{faeces} & 100\\\text{skin} & 400\\\text{breathing} & 400\\\text{Total} & 2400 \\ \end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text{water input} /\text{cm}^{3}\\\text{respiration} & 500\\\text{food} & 500\\\text{drink} & ..........\\\text{urine} & 400\\\text{Total} & 3000 \\ \end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text{water loss} /\text{cm}^{3}\\\text{faeces} & 100\\\text{skin} & ..........\\\text{breathing} & 600\\\text{Total} & 3000 \\ \end{array} \\\end{array}$$
Calculate the four missing values in Table 2.1.
Write your answers on the dotted lines in Table 2.1. [2]

(e) A person drinks a large volume of water but does not exercise. Describe the effect that increased water intake would have on the volume and concentration of urine produced.
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................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Table_1]

(a) Drinking excessive alcohol, injecting heroin and smoking tobacco can all do serious harm to the body.

Table 3.1 shows some of the risks of using these substances.

Complete Table 3.1 by putting ticks in the boxes to show the possible risks of using these substances.

[Table_1]

action | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | coronary heart disease | HIV infection | liver disease | lung cancer
drinking excessive alcohol
injecting heroin
smoking tobacco

[3]

(b) Explain why many people find it difficult to stop smoking tobacco.

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(c) A man and a woman drink the same volume of an alcoholic drink in 30 minutes.

Fig. 3.1 shows the change in their blood alcohol concentration over seven hours.



blood alcohol concentration / mg per 100 cm³ of blood vs time / hours

(i) Describe two ways that the woman's blood alcohol concentration is different from the man's blood alcohol concentration in Fig. 3.1.
1 .................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................
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................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) At two hours the blood alcohol concentration of the man was 50 mg per 100 cm³ of blood.

State the blood alcohol concentration of the woman at two hours.
.................. mg per 100 cm³ of blood. [1]

(iii) Calculate the difference between the man’s and the woman’s blood alcohol concentrations at two hours, using your answer to part 3(c)(ii).
.................. mg per 100 cm³ of blood. [1]

(iv) Suggest one reason why the same volume of alcohol affected the man and the woman differently.
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(a) The development of a new human life involves different stages. These stages are labelled by the letters A to G. The stages are not in the correct order.
A birth
B development of a fetus
C fertilisation
D formation of an embryo
E formation of a zygote
F implantation
G release of an egg cell
Put the seven stages in the correct order. Write the letters in the spaces in the flow chart to show the correct order. Two of the stages have been done for you.
............. ➔ C ➔ ............. ➔ ............. ➔ ............. ➔ B ➔ ............. [3]

(b) The list shows four different methods of birth control.
natural chemical barrier surgical
State the name of the method that these types of birth control belong to:
use of a condom .........................................................................................................
vasectomy .................................................................................................................
use of a contraceptive pill ....................................................................................... [3]

(c) HIV is an example of a sexually transmitted infection.
(i) Define the term sexually transmitted infection.
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(ii) State the name of the disease that HIV can lead to.
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(iii) Describe one other way that HIV can be transmitted.
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(a) Most flowers contain male and female parts.
(i) State the name of the male gamete in plants.
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(ii) State the name of the female gamete in plants.
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(iii) State the name of the part of a flower that produces male gametes.
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(iv) State the name of the part of a flower which receives the male gametes.
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(b) Fig. 5.1 shows the flower of an aroid plant.
It is sometimes called the corpse flower because it smells of rotting meat.

The smell of the corpse flower attracts lots of insects.
The insects pollinate the flower.
Describe other ways insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers are adapted for pollination.
insect-pollinated flowers .................................................................................................................
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wind-pollinated flowers ..................................................................................................................
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(c) The seeds of the corpse flower are dispersed by birds.
The seeds germinate and new corpse flowers grow.
State two environmental conditions that a seed requires for germination.
1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
[2]

(a) Explain why plants are the start of most food webs.
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(b) Fig. 6.1 is a desert food web.
[Image_1: Desert Food Web]

(i) Use Fig. 6.1 to complete a food chain that has four different organisms and ends with the hawk.
Write the names of three missing organisms in the boxes.

[3 missing boxes] -> hawk [1]

(ii) State the names of \textbf{two} tertiary consumers in the food web in Fig. 6.1.
....................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The number of locusts in the food web in Fig. 6.1 suddenly decreases.
Explain what effect this would have on the population of scorpions and on the population of desert plants.
scorpions ......................................................................................................
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desert plants ...................................................................................................
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(a) The cells in the leaves of plants that make glucose contain a green substance.
(i) State the name of this green substance.
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(ii) State the name of the cells that make glucose.
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(b) Leaves contain different types of cells.
Fig. 7.1 represents a typical leaf.

(i) State the name of the thin, transparent layer of wax which covers the surface of most leaves.
........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the layer of cells that is beneath the layer of wax that covers the outer surface.
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(c) Leaves contain two types of transport tissue, xylem and phloem.
State which substances are transported by:
xylem ...........................................................................................................................
phloem ........................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) The lower surface of most leaves has many pores.
The pores allow gases to move into and out of a leaf for photosynthesis.
(i) State the name of these pores.
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(ii) State the name of the gas that is used for photosynthesis.
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(iii) State the name of the gas that is produced by photosynthesis.
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(a) A person with diabetes may be unable to make insulin.
(i) Insulin belongs to an important group of chemicals made by the body.
State the name of this group of chemicals.
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(ii) State where insulin is produced in the body.
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(iii) State the function of insulin.
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(b) A person with diabetes may need regular injections of insulin.
State how the insulin is transported to different parts of the body.
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(c) Human insulin can be made by genetically engineered bacteria.
(i) Define the term \textit{genetic engineering}.
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(ii) State \textit{one} example of genetic engineering in crop plants.
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Fig. 9.1 shows a cross between two guinea pigs. The male guinea pig is pure-breeding for black fur colour and the female guinea pig is pure-breeding for white fur colour.
The allele for black fur colour can be represented by B and the allele for white fur colour can be represented by b.
All four of their offspring had black fur.



(a) (i) State the phenotypes of each of the parent guinea pigs in Fig. 9.1.

phenotype of the male .................................................................
phenotype of the female .................................................................
[1]

(ii) State the genotype of the female parent guinea pig.
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[1]

(iii) All of the offspring are heterozygous. State the genotype of the heterozygous offspring.
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[1]

(b) Two of the first generation offspring were crossed.
They produced four second generation offspring.
These are labelled A, B, C and D in Fig. 9.2.



(i) State all of the possible genotypes for the three offspring labelled A, B and C.
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[1]

(ii) State the phenotypic ratio of the second generation of guinea pigs.
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[1]