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Which statement about liquids and gases is correct?
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Which method is used to obtain copper(II) sulfate crystals from an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate?
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600
25 cm3 of an alkali are added to 20 cm3 of an acid. The temperature change is measured.
Which apparatus is not needed in the experiment?
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A sample of liquid X turns blue cobalt(II) chloride paper pink. The sample boils at 102°C.
Which statements are correct?
1. X contains water.
2. X is impure water.
3. X freezes above 0°C.
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Substance Y is added to an excess of hot water. A blue solution forms and a brown solid remains. The brown solid is filtered off and dried. The brown solid conducts electricity. What is Y?
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Which row gives the number of protons, electrons and neutrons found in an atom of zinc?
[Table_1]
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502
Four statements about atoms and ions are shown.
1. $\text{F}^- \text{ has more electrons than Na}^+$.
2. $\text{Mg}^{2+} \text{ has the same number of electrons as Na}^+$.
3. $\text{Na}^+ \text{ has more electrons than Li}^+$.
4. An atom of P has more outer shell electrons than an atom of N.
Which statements are correct?
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The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show part of a polymer and two giant covalent structures.
Which of X, Y or Z could be used as a cutting tool and which of X, Y or Z could be used to reduce friction?
[Table_1]
590
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502
A compound with the formula XO$_2$ has a relative formula mass of 64. What is X?
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The electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid using platinum electrodes is shown.
What is observed at each electrode at the start of the electrolysis?
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Two chemical processes are described.
• During the combustion of kerosene, energy is ......1...... .
• During the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, energy is ......2...... .
Which words complete gaps 1 and 2?
[Table_1]
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Which reaction is endothermic?
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The mass of a beaker and its contents is plotted against time.
Which graph represents what happens when sodium carbonate reacts with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid in an open beaker?
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When blue copper(II) sulfate is heated, a white solid and water are formed. The white solid turns blue and gives out heat when water is added to it. Which terms describe the blue copper(II) sulfate and the reactions?
[Table_1] the blue copper(II) sulfate is | reactions
A a mixture | can be reversed
B a mixture | cannot be reversed
C hydrated | can be reversed
D hydrated | cannot be reversed
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The equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is shown.
$$\text{Mg} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{MgCl}_2 + \text{H}_2$$
The rate of this reaction is studied using the apparatus shown.
Which change increases the rate of reaction?
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The equations for two reactions P and Q are given.
P $\underline{2\text{NaNO}_2} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NaNO}_3$
Q $\underline{2\text{HgO}} \rightarrow 2\text{Hg} + \text{O}_2$
In which of these reactions does oxidation of the underlined substance occur?
[Table_1]
535
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522
What is not a typical characteristic of acids?
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Which oxide produces a solution with a pH between pH 1 and pH 7 when reacted with water?
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Three solids, P, Q and R, all react with dilute sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate.
P and R produce gases during the reaction.
The gas produced when P reacts will not burn. The gas produced when R reacts will burn.
What are P, Q and R?
[Table_1]
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545
Which ion forms a green precipitate with aqueous sodium hydroxide that dissolves in an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide?
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A period of the Periodic Table is shown.
[Table_1]
The letters are not their chemical symbols.
Which statement is correct?
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Some properties of element X are shown.
[Table_1]
In which part of the Periodic Table is X found?
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The table gives some properties of an element.
[Table_1]
Which other property would you expect this element to have?
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Why is argon gas used to fill electric lamps?
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What is the reducing agent in the large-scale extraction of iron from iron ore?
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Some reactions of three metals are listed in the table.
[Table]
What is the order of reactivity of the metals?
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Which uses of the metals shown are both correct?
[Table_1]
539
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The flow chart shows stages in the treatment of river water to produce drinking water.
[Image_1: Flow chart of river water treatment]
What occurs at stages X and Y?
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What is produced by the incomplete combustion of methane?
534
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Iron is a metal that rusts in the presence of oxygen and water.
Mild steel is used for ......1...... and is prevented from rusting by ......2....... .
Stainless steel does not rust. It is produced by ......3...... iron with another metal.
Which words complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
[Table_1]
501
596
513
Compound Q is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The damp red litmus paper turns blue. What is Q?
558
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561
Some marble chips (calcium carbonate) are heated strongly and substances X and Y are formed.
Substance X is a white solid that reacts with water, giving out heat. Substance Y is a colorless gas.
What are substances X and Y?
[Table_1]
527
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500
The structure of compound R is shown.
What is R?
573
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501
Fuel oil and naphtha are two fractions obtained from petroleum.
What are the major uses of these fractions?
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524
What are the products of the complete combustion of ethanol?
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X, Y and Z are three hydrocarbons.
X CH$_2$=CH$_2$ Y CH$_3$-CH=CH$_2$ Z CH$_3$-CH$_2$-CH=CH$_2$
What do compounds X, Y and Z have in common?
1 They are all alkenes.
2 They are all part of the same homologous series.
3 They all have the same boiling point.
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The table shows bonds that are present and bonds that are not present in compound X.
[Table_1]
What type of compound is X?
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The diagram shows a reaction sequence.
Which row names the processes X, Y and Z?
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Molecules of a substance react together as shown.
Which type of reaction has taken place?
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