Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2022 Spring Zone 2

(a) Identify the structure in the cell that contains the genetic material.

Label this structure on Fig. 1.1 by stating its name in the space provided and by drawing a label line to show its location in the cell. [2]

(b) The actual size of the animal cell is much smaller than it appears in the image in Fig. 1.1.

State the piece of laboratory equipment that is used to view animal cells.

......................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Plants contain additional cell structures when compared to animal cells.

State two structures of plant cells that are not present in the cell shown in Fig. 1.1.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Image_1: Photomicrograph of an animal cell, Fig. 1.1]

(d) Fig. 1.2 is a diagram representing the concentration of oxygen inside and outside an animal cell.

(i) State the name of the part of the cell that X represents.
......................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw an arrow on Fig. 1.2 to show the net direction of movement of the oxygen molecules. [1]

(iii) State the name of the process represented by the arrow you have drawn on Fig. 1.2.
......................................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Image_2: Diagram representing oxygen concentration, Fig. 1.2]

(a) Fig. 2.1 is a diagram of the male reproductive system in humans.
The boxes on the left show the letters in Fig. 2.1 that identify parts of the male reproductive system. The boxes on the right show the functions of some of the parts. Draw four straight lines to match each letter to its correct function.
letter in Fig. 2.1: A, B, C, D
function: produces sperm, sac which contains the testes, secretes fluid for sperm to swim in, tube which carries the sperm to the urethra, tube which carries urine and sperm [4]

(b) The testes are organs that produce a hormone that controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.
(i) Draw a circle around the name of this hormone. adrenaline, insulin, oestrogen, testosterone [1]
(ii) Explain why the testes are classified as organs.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things. State two other characteristics.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Describe how sexual reproduction differs from asexual reproduction.
............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(a) Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of a section through a human heart.

(i) Draw the letter X on Fig. 3.1 to show the position of the septum. [1]
(ii) State the name of the blood vessel labelled Y in Fig. 3.1. [1]
...............................................................................................................................
(iii) State the function of the part labelled Z in Fig. 3.1. [1]
...............................................................................................................................
(iv) State how the part labelled Z in Fig. 3.1 can be used to monitor the activity of the heart. [1]
...............................................................................................................................
(v) State the name of the main type of tissue that forms the wall of the heart. [1]
...............................................................................................................................

(b) A scientist measured the average resting heart rate of seven different species of animal. They also estimated the average life expectancy of each species.
Fig. 3.2 is a graph of the scientist’s data.

(i) Complete the sentences to describe the results in Fig. 3.2.
The animal with the highest average resting heart rate is the ........................................ .
The animal with the longest average life expectancy is the ........................................ .
The general trend is that as the average life expectancy increases, the average resting heart rate ..................................... . [3]

(ii) Another animal species has an average life expectancy of 14 years.
Using the information in Fig. 3.2, predict the average resting heart rate of this animal species.
.............................. beats per minute [1]

(c) Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a blockage of one of the blood vessels of the heart.
(i) State the name of the blood vessel that becomes blocked in CHD. [1]
...............................................................................................................................
(ii) List two risk factors for coronary heart disease. [2]
1 ............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................
(iii) List the names of two types of cell found in blood. [2]
1 ............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................

(a) A student investigated aerobic respiration in an arthropod.

Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus the student used.

The potassium hydroxide solution removed any carbon dioxide produced by the arthropod.



Fig. 4.1

The coloured liquid moved 9 mm in 30 seconds.

(i) Calculate the rate of movement of the coloured liquid.
....................................... mm per s [1]

(ii) Predict the distance moved by the coloured liquid in one minute.
....................................... mm [1]

(iii) State the name of the gas taken in by the arthropod that caused the coloured liquid to move towards the test-tube.
................................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) Tick (✓) one sentence that explains why a water-bath was used in the investigation shown in Fig. 4.1.

| Water is needed for respiration. |
| Water is needed for germination. |
| Water is used to keep the temperature constant. |
| Water is used to keep the pH constant. |
[1]

(b) Carbon dioxide is one product released by aerobic respiration.

(i) State the name of the other product of aerobic respiration.
................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State the name of the organ in humans that excretes carbon dioxide.
................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Respiration releases the energy needed for body processes.

Complete the sentences to describe some of the ways energy is used by the body.

Energy is required for muscle ....................................... . This allows our bodies to move.
Energy is also required for the passage of nerve ....................................... . These are electrical signals that are passed along cells called ....................................... .
[3]

[Total: 9]

(a) Fig. 5.1 is a drawing of part of a cross-section of a leaf.

(i) Complete Table 5.1 by stating the names of the parts labelled in Fig. 5.1.

Table 5.1
------------------------------
| letter in Fig. 5.1 | name of the part |
| A | |
| B | |
| C | |
| D | |
------------------------------
[4]

(ii) State the number of guard cells shown in Fig. 5.1.
............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) The xylem is responsible for transporting water through the plant.

(i) State one other substance transported by the xylem.
............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State the type of cell through which water enters a plant.
............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Describe how water moves out of the leaves of a plant.
............................................................................................................................ [3]

(c) (i) State the word equation for photosynthesis.
............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) State the type of energy required for photosynthesis.
............................................................................................................................ [1]

(a) A researcher investigated the effect of temperature on two different biological washing powders, A and B.

Two identical pieces of clothing were stained with the same type of food.

The researcher timed how long each washing powder took to remove the stains, at different temperatures.

Fig. 6.1 is a graph of the results.

(i) Determine the time taken for washing powder A to remove the stain at 20°C.

........................................... minutes [1]

(ii) State why 40°C is the best temperature to use for washing powder B. [1]

(iii) A student stated some conclusions for the results shown in Fig. 6.1.

Tick (✓) two boxes that show two correct conclusions for the results shown in Fig. 6.1.

[2]

(b) State one factor, other than temperature, that affects enzyme activity. [1]

(c) Enzymes are biological catalysts. [2]

(d) Fig. 6.2 is a diagram showing the action of an enzyme.

State the letter or letters from Fig. 6.2 that represent the:

substrate ....................................

enzyme .................................... [2]

(e) Lipase is an enzyme commonly found in washing powder.

Complete the word equation for the reaction that involves the enzyme lipase.

  lipase

................................................. ➝ ........................................... + glycerol [2]

(a) Scientists recorded the percentage of endangered species in each of the five groups of vertebrates, in 2000 and 2011.
Fig. 7.1 shows the results.
[Image_1: A bar graph showing percentages of endangered species in each vertebrate group for 2000 and 2011.]
(i) State the vertebrate group that had the largest increase in the percentage of endangered species between 2000 and 2011.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the vertebrate group that had a decrease in the percentage of endangered species.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) State the percentage of fish species that were endangered in 2011.
.......................................................... % [1]
(b) State one feature of birds which distinguishes them from the other groups of vertebrates.
...................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) One reason species become endangered is pollution from discarded waste such as plastic. Describe two ways of preventing plastic waste entering the environment.
1 ..................................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Reducing pollution can help to conserve species. Outline other ways that can be used to conserve endangered animal species.
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
(e) Differences between the features of the five groups of vertebrates have arisen over very long periods of time. These differences are the result of natural selection.
The box on the left contains the term ‘Natural selection’.
The boxes on the right contain some sentence endings.
Draw three lines to link the term ‘Natural selection’ with three sentence endings to make three correct sentences.
[Image_2: Diagram with 'Natural selection' on the left and several sentence endings on the right.]
[3]