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All living organisms release energy from nutrient molecules within their cells. What is the name of this characteristic?
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Which diagram shows a flower from a monocotyledon?
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The diagram shows a cross-section through two guard cells of a leaf.
Which labelled structures would also be found in an animal cell?
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The table shows some structures found in the human body. Which row shows the correct level of organisation, from the simplest structure to the most complex?
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By which process does oxygen move from a region of higher concentration in the alveoli to a region of lower concentration in the blood?
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The diagram shows a section through a mesophyll cell of a leaf. Which part is partially permeable?
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What are the smaller basic units of starch and glycogen molecules?
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A chromosome was analysed and found to have 6125 pairs of bases. The type of each base was identified and 2345 of the bases were G. How many of the bases in this chromosome are T?
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Which type of molecule are enzymes made of?
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Which statement describes the effect of temperature on enzymes?
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The statements describe some of the events that occur in a plant after light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll.
1 converted to chemical energy
2 converted to sucrose for translocation
3 starch is stored in the roots or seeds
4 glucose is produced
In which order do these events occur?
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A deficiency of magnesium ions can cause plant leaves to become yellow between the leaf veins.
What is the reason for this?
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The table shows some different components in a balanced diet.
Which row correctly matches the components to the reasons why they are needed?
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Which process involves the removal of material from the rectum?
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The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a plant.
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The apparatus shown can be used to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the rate of transpiration.
Which set of conditions would give the highest rate of transpiration and the greatest decrease in mass?
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508
People are sometimes born with a 'hole in the heart'. This is caused by a gap in the septum, as shown.
If the gap in the septum is not repaired, it causes the person to become breathless more quickly.
What is a possible explanation for this?
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The flow diagram shows stages in blood clotting.
What is component X?
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What is an example of passive immunity?
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What happens at the start of inspiration? [Table_1]
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Germinating seeds respire aerobically to release energy that can be used for growth.
The balanced equation for aerobic respiration in seeds can be represented as shown.
Q + R \rightarrow S + T
Which row gives the balanced equation for aerobic respiration in seeds?
[Table_1]
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During vigorous exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscles leading to an oxygen debt.
Which statement describes a stage in the removal of the oxygen debt during recovery?
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The table shows the concentration of sodium ions in blood plasma, in glomerular filtrate (the liquid that passes through the glomerulus), and in urine.
[Table_1]
What is the percentage concentration of sodium ions reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?
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Which effects does adrenaline have on blood glucose concentration and pulse rate?
[Table_1]
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The concentration of glucose in the blood is controlled by negative feedback.
When blood glucose concentration falls too low, the ......1...... releases the hormone ......2...... .
This hormone causes cells to break down ......3...... to glucose, which is released into the blood.
Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
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A young maize seedling is grown from a seed. The seedling is placed on its side and left in a room with a light source for several days.
What will happen to the young shoot?
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What is an adaptive feature of sperm?
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The list contains statements about sexual and asexual reproduction in plants:
1. It promotes genetic variation.
2. It requires self-pollination.
3. It requires meiosis.
4. It produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
5. It allows the population to increase rapidly.
Which statements describe asexual reproduction in plants?
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The graph shows the levels of two hormones during a 28-day menstrual cycle.
Which hormones are represented by X and Y on the graph?
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Before meiosis takes place, a cell has 24 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes will be found in each of the cells that are produced by meiosis?
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When a horse with red hair (genotype $H^R H^R$) breeds with a horse with white hair (genotype $H^W H^W$) the offspring have red and white hair (genotype $H^R H^W$). These horses are described as having roan-coloured hair. This is an example of codominance.
When two horses with roan-coloured hair are bred together, what is the chance of their offspring also having roan-coloured hair?
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The diagram shows a hydrophyte.
What is an adaptive feature of this hydrophyte?
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Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder which results in severe illness in homozygous individuals. In some human populations, being heterozygous can be beneficial.
What could be the reason for this?
519
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Which statement about selective breeding is correct?
515
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533
The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.
Which process is shown by the arrows labelled X?
563
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A herd of red deer live in a forest that contains snakes and a large variety of birds.
Which group of organisms is an example of a population?
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With which kingdoms do bacteria share the same genetic code?
581
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Which process makes use of a genetically engineered organism?
584
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What is a reason for conserving plant species?
505
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The food web shows the feeding relationships in a woodland.
If all the chaffinches in the food web die, which effect would this have?
513
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517
