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Which two gases will diffuse at the same rate, at the same temperature?
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A student measures the time taken for 2.0 g of magnesium to dissolve in 50 cm\(^3\) of dilute sulfuric acid. Which apparatus is essential to complete the experiment?
1 stop-clock
2 measuring cylinder
3 thermometer
4 balance
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584
The numbers of protons and neutrons and the electronic structures of four particles, W, X, Y and Z, are shown.
[Table_1]
Which particles have the same chemical properties?
507
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532
Which substance should be pure for the intended use?
507
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565
Metals and ionic compounds have similarities and differences in their structure and properties.
Which row about metals and ionic compounds is correct?
[Table_1]
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522
Which diagram represents the outer-shell electron arrangement in a nitrogen molecule?
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522
The equation for the reaction between barium chloride and dilute sulfuric acid is shown.
$ \text{BaCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{BaSO}_4 + 2\text{HCl} $
Which row shows the state symbols for this equation?
[Table_1]
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The relative atomic mass, $A_{r}$, of an element is determined by comparing the mass of one atom of the element with the mass of one atom of element Q. What is Q?
554
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The equation for the reaction between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride is shown.
$$\text{Pb(NO}_3)_2(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NaCl(}\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{PbCl}_2(\text{s}) + 2\text{NaNO}_3(\text{aq})$$
If 100 cm$^3$ of aqueous lead(II) nitrate of concentration 0.1 mol/dm$^3$ is reacted with an excess of aqueous sodium chloride, which mass of lead(II) chloride is obtained?
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The diagram shows the electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using carbon electrodes.
At which electrodes is hydrogen produced?
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539
Aqueous copper(II) sulfate is electrolysed using copper electrodes. What is the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the cathode?
530
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573
Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?
[Table_1]
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512
The equation for the reaction between gaseous hydrogen and gaseous iodine to form gaseous hydrogen iodide is shown.
$$\text{H}_2(\text{g}) + \text{I}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow 2\text{HI}(\text{g})$$
The reaction is exothermic.
Which statement explains why the reaction is exothermic?
518
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Acidified aqueous silver nitrate is added to a test-tube containing aqueous chloride ions.
The test-tube is then left in direct sunlight.
Which row describes the observations and explains what happens to the reaction mixture? [Table_1]
552
510
502
Water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate. What happens during the reaction?
570
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529
Aqueous iron(III) chloride, FeCl_3, reacts with aqueous potassium iodide, KI.
vFeCl_3 + wKI \rightarrow xFeCl_2 + yKCl + I_2
Which statements are correct?
1. In the balanced equation, v, w, x and y have the same value.
2. Potassium iodide is an oxidising agent.
3. A dark brown solution is produced in the reaction.
523
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501
The oxides of two elements, X and Y, are separately dissolved in water and the pH of each solution tested.
[Table_1]
Which information about X and Y is correct?
[Table_2]
522
507
517
An acid is neutralised by adding an excess of an insoluble solid base. A soluble salt is formed. How is the pure salt obtained from the reaction mixture?
598
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578
The electronic structure of element Z is 2,8,1.
Which statements about Z are correct?
1. It is a metal.
2. It has two outer-shell electrons.
3. It is in Period 3.
520
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547
Elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table are shown.
carbon
silicon
germanium
tin
lead
What does not occur in Group IV as it is descended?
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Element M forms both $M^+$ and $M^{2+}$ ions.
In which part of the Periodic Table is M placed?
506
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In the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, cryolite is added to the bauxite ore. Which row describes the role of cryolite and gives the ionic half-equation at the cathode?
578
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520
Mild steel is galvanised to prevent corrosion of the iron.
Which statements about galvanising are correct?
1. Galvanising prevents corrosion because the zinc forms an alloy.
2. If the coating is damaged, water and oxygen do not corrode the iron.
3. Zinc is a sacrificial metal and corrodes in preference to iron.
570
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Which diagram represents the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons of a noble gas?
564
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595
Which statements about the general properties of metals are correct?
1 They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
2 They have low melting points.
3 They react with dilute acids to form a salt and water.
4 They react with oxygen to form basic oxides.
590
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Reactions of three metals and their oxides are shown.
[Table_1]
What is the order of reactivity of these metals, from most reactive to least reactive?
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Three metal compounds, J, K and L, are heated using a Bunsen burner.
The results are shown.
J colorless gas produced, which relights a glowing splint
K colorless gas produced, which turns limewater milky
L no reaction
Which row identifies J, K and L?
[Table_1]
575
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540
The diagram shows the uses and treatment processes of muddy river water.
Which row identifies uses 1 and 2 and processes 1 and 2?
530
546
530
The equation for the manufacture of ammonia in the Haber process is shown.
$$3\text{H}_2(g) + \text{N}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(g)$$
The forward reaction is exothermic.
Which row describes the effect of the stated change on the reaction rate and the yield of ammonia?
[Table_1]
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512
550
Fertilisers are used to provide three of the elements needed for plant growth.
Which two compounds would give a fertiliser containing all three of these elements?
588
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572
The flow chart shows part of the process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid and its electrolysis.
What are gases 1, 2, and 3?
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561
Which statements about sulfur dioxide are correct?
1. Sulfur dioxide decolourises acidified potassium manganate (VII).
2. Sulfur dioxide forms when acids react with carbonates.
3. Sulfur dioxide is used as a bleach.
4. Sulfur dioxide is used to treat acidic soil.
544
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525
What are the products when limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated strongly?
576
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The structure of ester W is shown. Which row gives the names of ester W and the carboxylic acid and alcohol from which it is made? [Table_1]
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579
Ethanol is made industrially by the fermentation of glucose or by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene. Which statement describes an advantage of fermentation compared to catalytic addition?
585
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Some properties of colourless liquid L are listed.
• It boils at 65°C.
• When added to water, two layers form which do not mix.
• It does not react with sodium carbonate.
• It has no effect on bromine water.
What is L?
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A molecule of compound P contains two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms. Which row represents P?
[Table_1]
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The reaction of ethanol with acidified potassium manganate(VII) is shown.
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow[]{\text{KMnO}_4,\,\text{H}^+} \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$
Which type of reaction is taking place?
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