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Two different physical states of iodine are described.
In state 1, iodine exists as $I_2$ molecules that are widely spaced and in rapid random movement.
In state 2, iodine exists as $I_2$ molecules that are closely packed and only vibrate.
Iodine can be converted directly from state 2 to form state 1.
Which row about state 2 and the change from state 2 to state 1 is correct?
[Table_1]
533
565
542
A student measures the time taken for 2.0g of magnesium to dissolve in 50cm³ of dilute sulfuric acid. Which apparatus is essential to complete the experiment?
1 stop-clock
2 measuring cylinder
3 thermometer
4 balance
576
589
560
Which method is used to separate a mixture of the following liquids?
[Table_1]
557
515
545
Paper chromatography is used to separate four different colored inks, W, X, Y, and Z, and an unknown ink T.
The chromatogram is shown.
Which inks are present in ink T?
582
557
522
Which row identifies an alloy, a pure metal and a non-metal? [Table_1]
513
597
552
An atom of an element contains 4 electrons, 4 protons and 6 neutrons. In which group of the Periodic Table is this element placed?
550
566
594
Which row describes an ionic solid? [Table_1]
503
582
525
Which molecule contains more than one pair of shared electrons?
591
500
509
Compounds that contain nitrogen can be used as fertilisers.
Which compound contains the greatest proportion of nitrogen by mass?
542
587
596
The diagram shows the electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using carbon electrodes.
At which electrodes is hydrogen produced?
521
541
541
The energy level diagram for a reaction is shown.
Which statement is correct?
575
516
599
Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?
| chemical change | physical change | |
|---|---|---|
| A | boiling ethanol | burning ethanol |
| B | burning ethanol | evaporating ethanol |
| C | dissolving ethanol in water | burning ethanol |
| D | evaporating ethanol | dissolving ethanol in water |
526
506
543
Metal M reacts with steam and produces gas G. Which row identifies gas G and the type of reaction when metal M reacts with steam? [Table_1]
542
588
520
The rate of the reaction between lumps of zinc and dilute sulfuric acid is determined.
The experiment is repeated four times, making only one change each time.
The changes are listed.
1. The lumps of zinc are replaced with powdered zinc.
2. Water is added to the dilute sulfuric acid.
3. The temperature of the dilute sulfuric acid is increased.
4. A catalyst is added to the reaction mixture.
Which changes produce an increase in the rate of reaction?
521
520
564
Water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
What happens during the reaction?
551
533
568
Which statement explains why lime is added to soil?
554
571
571
Sulfur dioxide is bubbled through water containing litmus.
Which row describes and explains what happens to the litmus?
561
563
533
The oxides of two elements, X and Y, are separately dissolved in water and the pH of each solution tested.
[Table_1]
Which information about X and Y is correct?
[Table_2]
551
540
586
An acid is neutralised by adding an excess of an insoluble solid base.
A soluble salt is formed.
How is the pure salt obtained from the reaction mixture?
589
513
566
Which ion forms a precipitate that dissolves in excess with both aqueous ammonia and with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
587
516
525
Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element is a metal?
554
572
526
The elements sodium to argon form Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Which row describes the trend across Period 3 from left to right? [Table_1]
589
548
583
Lithium and sodium are in Group I of the Periodic Table.
Which statements about the properties of lithium and sodium are correct?
1. Lithium has a lower melting point than sodium.
2. They both produce hydrogen when they react with water.
3. Lithium is less dense than sodium.
4. Lithium is more reactive than sodium.
513
511
589
Which row describes the properties of a typical transition element? [Table_1]
500
520
567
Which row describes an atom of a noble gas?
[Table_1]
582
557
537
Some properties of four elements, P, Q, R and S, are shown.
Solid P reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen.
Solid Q does not conduct electricity.
Solid R is used to make saucepans because it is a good conductor of heat.
Solid S reacts with oxygen to form a compound where atoms of S share electrons with atoms of oxygen.
Which elements are metals?
511
546
553
Three metals, X, Y and Z, are added separately to dilute hydrochloric acid. The oxides of each metal are heated with carbon. The results of the reactions are shown.
[Table_1]
What are X, Y and Z?
521
599
569
Which uses of the metals shown are correct? [Table_1]
592
588
529
Carbon dioxide and methane are both greenhouse gases.
Which activity produces both of these gases?
521
590
585
Which statement about carbon monoxide is correct?
580
586
515
Fertilisers are used to provide three of the elements needed for plant growth.
Which two compounds would give a fertiliser containing all three of these elements?
541
528
519
Sulfur dioxide is tested by reacting it with acidified potassium manganate(VII).
Which colour change is seen in the test?
526
551
525
Which products use calcium carbonate in their manufacture?
1 aluminium
2 cement
3 iron
4 sulfuric acid
521
516
524
What are the products when limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated strongly?
565
539
585
Which structures represent ethene and ethanol?
590
510
543
One of the fractions obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum is naphtha. What is a major use of the naphtha fraction?
531
507
587
Which statement describes the process of cracking?
552
567
563
Which temperature range is used in the production of ethanol by fermentation?
583
561
575
A hydrocarbon is tested with aqueous bromine. The aqueous bromine turns from orange to colourless. Which row describes the hydrocarbon?
[Table_1]
598
572
515
Which polymers are constituents of food?
1 carbohydrate
2 nylon
3 \textit{Terylene}
4 protein
589
506
510
