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The rate of diffusion of three gases, ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane, is measured.
What is the order of the rate of diffusion of the gases from slowest to fastest?
590
519
544
Which description of Brownian motion is correct?
525
585
549
The chromatogram obtained using four substances, J, K, L and M, is shown.
Which statement about M is correct?
506
510
540
Which statements about isotopes of the same element are correct?
1. They are atoms which have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
2. They are atoms which have the same number of electrons and neutrons but different numbers of protons.
3. They are atoms which have the same number of electrons and protons but different numbers of neutrons.
555
501
572
Which statement about solid magnesium oxide is correct?
525
544
523
Which molecule contains only three shared pairs of electrons?
530
581
559
Which particles are present in the structure of metals?
1 positive ions
2 negative ions
3 shared pairs of electrons
4 mobile electrons
599
600
501
Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee.
Which formula represents caffeine?
519
565
512
Which sample does not contain a number of atoms equal to the Avogadro constant?
592
504
570
The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride and molten sodium chloride is shown.
What are the products at electrodes 1 and 2?
555
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575
When an acid is added to an alkali, the temperature of the reaction mixture rises.
Which words describe this reaction?
542
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514
Some properties of four fuels are shown.
Which fuel is a gas at room temperature and makes two products when it burns in a plentiful supply of air?
[Table with properties of fuels]
- fuel: hydrogen ($\text{H}_2$), methane ($\text{CH}_4$), octane ($\text{C}_8\text{H}_{18}$), wax ($\text{C}_{31}\text{H}_{64}$)
- formula: \text{H}_2, \text{CH}_4, \text{C}_8\text{H}_{18}, \text{C}_{31}\text{H}_{64}
- melting point (°C): -259, -182, -57, 60
- boiling point (°C): -253, -164, 126, 400
549
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568
The electrical energy, or voltage, of two simple cells is measured.
Statement 1: The voltage of cell 1 is greater than cell 2.
Statement 2: Zinc is more reactive than copper.
Statement 3: Magnesium is oxidised in both cells.
Statement 4: Magnesium atoms lose electrons to form magnesium ions.
Which option is correct?
593
516
573
Dilute aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed using carbon electrodes. What is the product at the anode?
593
586
507
The volume of gas given off in a chemical reaction is measured over time.
The results are shown.
At which time is the rate of reaction greatest?
536
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547
Dinitrogen tetroxide, $N_2O_4$, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, $NO_2$, in a reversible reaction.
$N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)$
The forward reaction is endothermic.
Which conditions give the highest equilibrium yield of nitrogen dioxide?
[Table_1]
520
522
524
When magnesium is heated with zinc oxide a reaction occurs.
The equation is shown.
$\text{Mg + ZnO} \rightarrow \text{MgO + Zn}$
Which substance is oxidised?
541
524
586
X and Y are oxides of two different elements.
• X reacts with water to produce aqueous solution Z.
• Z turns universal indicator paper blue.
• An aqueous solution of Y reacts with sodium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Which statement is correct?
540
525
563
Ethanoic acid reacts with water to produce an acidic solution. Which row describes the roles of ethanoic acid and water in this reaction? [Table_1]
581
505
594
Copper(II) sulfate is a soluble salt.
Calcium sulfate is an insoluble salt.
Which row shows suitable reactants for preparing a pure sample of the named salt?
[Table_1]
581
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574
Strontium displaces magnesium from molten magnesium chloride.
Bromine displaces iodine from aqueous potassium iodide.
Which row describes the change in reactivity down both Group II and Group VII of the Periodic Table?
[Table_1]
528
511
519
Elements J and K are in the same period in the Periodic Table.
J reacts with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.
K reacts with sodium to form an ionic compound.
Which statement about J and K is correct?
549
522
525
Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element has a high density, a high melting point and forms a brown oxide?
506
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596
The reactions of four metals, W, X, Y and Z, are listed.
• Metal W displaces metal X from the oxide of metal X.
• Metal Y has a greater tendency to form positive ions than metal W.
• Aqueous ions of metal Z are reduced by metal X.
What is the order of reactivity of the metals?
[Table_1]
507
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510
Three experiments, J, K and L, are set up to investigate rusting. In which experiments does rusting occur?
587
562
600
Silver is below copper in the reactivity series. Which row describes the reactions of silver? [Table_1]
591
515
543
Iron is galvanised by coating it in zinc.
Brass is made by mixing copper with zinc.
Which row gives the reasons for each of these uses of zinc?
[Table_1]
560
545
572
The diagram shows a stage in the purification of dirty water.
Which process does this apparatus show?
577
565
530
Which substance in polluted air damages stonework and kills trees?
550
548
570
Ammonium nitrate, $\text{NH}_4\text{NO}_3$, is a fertiliser and is added to fields to help crops grow.
Slaked lime, $\text{Ca(OH)}_2$, is an alkali and is added to fields to reduce the acidity of the soil.
Ammonium nitrate and slaked lime should not be added to a field at the same time because they react with each other to form a gas, Z.
What is Z?
564
577
524
The scheme shows four stages in the conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid. In which stage is a catalyst used?
502
518
591
Which element has an oxide that is used as a food preservative?
567
569
556
Which substance gives off carbon dioxide on heating?
522
523
527
Which compound has the most –CH$_2$– groups in one molecule?
510
576
555
Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light.
Which substance is not produced in this reaction?
550
509
593
Ethene reacts with both hydrogen and steam.
Which row about these reactions is correct? [Table_1]
558
590
518
Which type of reaction occurs when ethanol is converted to ethanoic acid?
501
576
596
Hydrolysis of polymer P produces the three compounds shown. What is the structure of polymer P?
598
575
570
Which statement about unsaturated hydrocarbons is correct?
521
542
560
The equation shows the formation of a polymer called \textit{Kevlar}.
\[ n \text{ HOOC}\begin{array}{c}\includegraphics[height=0.25cm]{Image_1}\end{array}\text{COOH} + n \text{ } \begin{array}{c}\includegraphics[height=0.25cm]{Image_2}\end{array}\text{H}_2\text{N} \rightarrow \begin{array}{c}\includegraphics[height=0.25cm]{Image_3}\end{array} -\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Which row describes \textit{Kevlar}?
[Table_1]
598
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580
