Cambridge IGCSE Biology - 0610 - Core Paper 3 2018 Winter Zone 1

(a) Using letters A-F, identify the parts of the human female reproductive system in Fig. 1.1.
where eggs are made ....................
where fertilisation occurs ....................
where implantation of the zygote occurs ....................


(b) Oestrogen is a hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
(i) State the name of the part of the female reproductive system that secretes oestrogen.
.................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Describe how the hormone oestrogen is transferred to its target organs.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Table 1.1 shows some secondary sexual characteristics. Place ticks (✓) in Table 1.1 to show which characteristics develop during puberty in boys and girls. One row has been done for you.
[Table_1]

(d) Sperm and egg cells are specialised cells that are adapted for reproduction. The boxes on the left show some specialised cells.
The boxes on the right show the functions of some specialised cells.
Draw four lines to link each specialised cell with its function.
One has been done for you.
specialised cell
function
absorption of water
conduction and support
conduction of impulses
movement of mucus
photosynthesis
transport of oxygen

The apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1 was used to investigate the effects of different conditions on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant.

A student investigated the effects of light and carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis. The number of bubbles of oxygen produced in one minute was counted in four different conditions.
Table 2.1 shows the results.
[Table_1]
(a) State two conclusions about the conditions needed for photosynthesis using the information in Table 2.1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) The investigation was carried out at 15ºC. It was repeated at 25ºC. Suggest and explain the effect this had on the results of test 2 and test 3.
test 2 ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................
test 3 ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ [4]
(c) Carbon dioxide enters plant cells by diffusion.
The word diffusion on the left can be joined to two boxes on the right to make two correct statements about diffusion.
Draw two straight lines from diffusion to the boxes to complete the two statements.
[Table_2] [2]
Total Marks: 8

A student completed different types of activity.

She measured her pulse rate during each type of activity in beats per minute (bpm).

The results are shown in Fig. 3.1.

(a) Use Fig. 3.1 to answer these questions.

(i) State the type of activity that results in the highest pulse rate. [1]

(ii) State the pulse rate of the student when she was cycling. [1]

(iii) Calculate the percentage increase in her pulse rate between resting and walking.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number. [2]

(b) Measuring the pulse is one way of monitoring the activity of the heart.

State one other way of monitoring the activity of the heart. [1]

(c) Describe the changes to a person’s breathing during exercise. [2]

(d) Aerobic respiration increases during exercise.

Use the words from the list to complete the definition of aerobic respiration.

Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.

cells      carbon dioxide      DNA      oxygen      nutrient

Aerobic respiration is the chemical reactions in .......................................................... that use ..................................................... to breakdown ..................... molecules to release energy. [3]

(e) Anaerobic respiration occurs when exercising vigorously.

(i) State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells. [1]

(ii) State one advantage of using aerobic rather than anaerobic respiration in humans. [1]

(a) Fig. 4.1 shows the four different types of human teeth.

[Image_1: Fig. 4.1 showing canine, incisor, molar, premolar]

Fig. 4.2 shows a diagram of the position of the different types of teeth in the mouth.

[Image_2: Fig. 4.2 with diagram]

Complete Table 4.1 by writing the names, positions and functions of the different types of teeth in the mouth shown in Fig. 4.2.

[Table_1: Table 4.1]
| name of type of tooth | letter on Fig. 4.2 | function |
|-----------------------|-------------------|----------|
| | R | |
| incisor | | grinding |
| | | |
| premolar | | tearing and grinding |
[4]

(b) Teeth can develop dental decay.

(i) Explain how dental decay is caused.
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................[4]

(ii) Describe two ways to avoid dental decay.
1 ..............................................................................................
................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................
................................................................................................[2]

(a) Coal, natural gas and oil are types of fossil fuel.
Calculate the total percentage of energy in Fig. 5.1 that came from fossil fuels.
..................................................% [1]


(b) Explain why fossil fuels are not sustainable resources.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
(i) State the name of two other processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
1 ........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State the name of one process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
............................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Describe the effects on the environment of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Improvements in food production have allowed human populations to increase.
Describe how modern technology has increased the production of crop plants.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................[3]

(a) Lions are mammals and have the scientific name Panthera leo.
(i) State one feature visible in Fig. 6.1 that identifies the lion as a mammal.
......................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the genus of this mammal.
......................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Mammals are one of the five groups of vertebrates.
The list describes some of the features of fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Some features belong to more than one group.
State the name of one vertebrate group which has the distinguishing feature of:
scales ..............................................................................................................................................
feathers ............................................................................................................................................
gills ..................................................................................................................................................
smooth moist skin ........................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) State two features of the cells of all living organisms.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................................[2]

(a) Use Fig. 7.2 to answer these questions.
(i) State how many goats have white fur. ..........................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the phenotype of goat 5. ..........................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Draw circles around two terms that can be used to describe the genotype of goat 6.
black dominant heterozygous
homozygous recessive white [2]

(b) State the name of the type of variation shown by fur colour in these goats.
..........................................................................................................................[1]

(c) A farmer identified two goats to breed together.
• The genotype of the male goat is Aa.
• The genotype of the female goat is Aa.
Complete the genetic diagram and the phenotypic ratio for this cross.
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline & \textbf{male} & \\ \hline \textbf{female} & & \\ \hline\end{array}$$
phenotypic ratio ...................................... white : ............................... black [3]

(d) Describe the process a farmer could use to breed a herd of white goats.
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[3]

(a) Catalase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
The effect of temperature on catalase activity was investigated.
The results are shown in Fig. 8.1
[Image_1: Insert Fig. 8.1 here]
(i) State the temperature at which catalase is most active in Fig. 8.1.
................................. °C [1]
(ii) Explain why there is no enzyme activity at 60 °C.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State one factor other than temperature that affects enzyme activity.
......................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Digestive enzymes are used in chemical digestion to break down large insoluble molecules to smaller soluble molecules.
The boxes show some large insoluble molecules, some digestive enzymes and some smaller soluble molecules that are produced during digestion.
Draw one straight line from each enzyme to the insoluble molecule it acts on.
Draw another line from each enzyme to the smaller soluble molecule that is produced.
Draw a total of six lines.
[Image_2: A table showing insoluble molecules, enzymes, and soluble molecules]
[5]