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A person drinks a glass of iced water and the volume of sweat they secrete decreases. This is an example of which characteristic of living organisms?
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Lichens are formed from two different organisms living together.
The table shows some of the characteristics of two organisms, X and Y, found in most lichens.
[Table_1]
Which kingdoms are represented by X and Y?
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Two types of cell, one animal and one plant, were examined using a light microscope.
Which row shows the correct combination of cellular features that would be observed in the cells?
[Table_1]
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The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.
Structures X and Y are both part of the same
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How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?
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The diagram shows a plant cell after it has been submerged in a solution, P, for 20 minutes.
Which row describes the water potential of solution P and the condition of the cell?
[Table_1]
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The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.
[Table_1]
The onion is tested with Benedict's solution and iodine solution. Which set of results is correct?
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The base sequence of part of one strand of a DNA molecule is shown.
ATAGCC
What is the base sequence of the other strand?
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The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion.
Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes?
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The graph shows the effect of temperature on the action of an enzyme.
Why does the rate of reaction change when the temperature is increased from 20°C to 30°C? [Table_1]
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An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown.
The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again three hours later.
In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?
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The diagram shows the structure of cells from the leaf of a plant.
What type of cells are they?
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Which row shows an enzyme with the correct site of production and products?
[Table_1]
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The diagram shows a plant cell.
What type of plant cell is this?
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Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times during the year.
At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?
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The diagram shows a circulatory system.
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?
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What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?
[Table_1]
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The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.
Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?
[Table_1]
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The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30 seconds.
Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?
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As we breathe out, ......1...... is ......2...... through the lungs. Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2? [Table_1]
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A person carries out vigorous exercise without drinking any water.
What would happen to the concentration and volume of the person's urine immediately after exercise?
[Table_1]
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What does the central nervous system consist of?
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A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.
The diagram shows their investigation.
Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?
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What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?
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The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006.
Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen?
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What are two adaptive features of a human sperm cell?
1. jelly coat present
2. relatively high number of mitochondria
3. acrosome present
4. relatively high energy stores
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Which hormone maintains the thickness of the lining of the uterus during pregnancy?
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What is a possible disadvantage of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?
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A sperm cell from a domestic cat contains 19 chromosomes.
If this cell fertilises an egg, which zygote is produced?
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The diagram shows a cell of an organism. The nucleus contains 12 chromosomes.
After it divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes would be present in one of the daughter cells?
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Pure-breeding black-feathered chickens are mated with pure-breeding white-feathered chickens. All of the individuals in the offspring in the F1 generation have both black and white feathers.
What will be the ratio of offspring phenotypes when two of the F1 generation chickens are crossed?
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The diagram shows the bases on part of a chromosome, $P$, responsible for the production of normal haemoglobin. The same part of another chromosome, $Q$, is responsible for the production of sickle-cell haemoglobin.
What has caused the difference between the two chromosomes?
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Farmers have bred Holstein-Friesian cattle to produce more milk than older breeds of cattle. Which process was used to produce these cattle?
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The diagram shows a food web.
Which row shows a food chain in this food web? [Table_1]
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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
Which change is caused by the action of denitrifying bacteria?
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The diagram shows an industrial fermenter used to produce penicillin.
What is a function of the part labelled X?
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Genetic engineering involves various stages.
1. human DNA is inserted into bacterial plasmid DNA
2. recombinant plasmid inserted into bacteria
3. restriction enzyme cuts bacterial plasmid DNA
4. restriction enzyme cuts human DNA
What is the correct sequence for genetic engineering?
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The statements describe some of the events that occur during eutrophication.
What is directly responsible for the increase in bacteria?
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In 1991 there were only fourteen *Daviesia cunderdin* plants.
What happens to a plant population that becomes very small?
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