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The statements describe two changes of state.
1. The molecules of substance X are arranged randomly. During the change of state, they lose energy and become more ordered. The molecules can still move freely.
2. The molecules of substance Y are arranged in a regular lattice. During the change of state, they gain energy and become less ordered. The molecules are still close together.
Which changes of state are described by the statements?
598
563
561
Salt is added to pure water to form an aqueous solution.
Which statement is correct?
571
562
593
The diagrams show four pieces of laboratory equipment.
Which equipment is essential to find out if dissolving a salt in water is an exothermic process?
[Table_1]
566
527
597
Substance X conducts electricity.
What is X?
508
552
592
Which statement describes the elements in Group I?
509
564
539
Calcium phosphate has the formula $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$.
What is the relative formula mass of calcium phosphate?
542
596
519
Limestone fizzes and dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid.
What is the word equation for the reaction which occurs?
518
539
584
When solution Q is electrolysed using carbon electrodes, colourless gases are produced at both electrodes.
What is Q?
530
543
554
Which electrodes and electrolyte can be used to electroplate a copper medal with gold? [Table_1]
555
534
580
Which substance does not use oxygen to produce heat energy?
572
566
554
Which row describes an endothermic reaction?
[Table_1]
597
579
598
When solid hydrated cobalt(II) chloride crystals are heated they turn blue and steam is produced.
Adding water to the blue crystals turns them pink.
Which type of reaction has occurred?
531
531
541
Iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide.
The equation is shown.
$$ ext{Fe}_2 ext{O}_3 + 3 ext{CO}
ightarrow 2 ext{Fe} + 3 ext{CO}_2$$
Which substance is reduced?
540
524
503
In Experiment 1, 1 g of calcium carbonate is reacted with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid. The volume of gas produced every minute is recorded.
In Experiment 2, Experiment 1 is repeated using smaller pieces of calcium carbonate. All other conditions are kept the same.
The results from both experiments are shown.
[Table_1]
Which statement about Experiment 2 is correct?
500
589
555
The results of some experiments with sulfur dioxide are shown.
[Table_1]
experiment | description | result
1 | mix with dilute hydrochloric acid | does not react
2 | mix with concentrated sodium hydroxide | a salt forms
3 | add Universal Indicator | Universal Indicator turns purple
4 | add acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) | purple solution turns colourless
Which results are correct?
522
596
580
A student prepares solid hydrated copper(II) sulfate from dilute sulfuric acid and the insoluble base copper(II) oxide. Which process is not used in the procedure?
521
562
515
A white precipitate is produced when small amounts of two colourless solutions are mixed together.
Which pairs of solutions produce a white precipitate?
1 sodium hydroxide and zinc nitrate
2 sodium hydroxide and aluminium chloride
3 barium chloride and sulfuric acid
4 acidified barium nitrate and potassium sulfate
506
530
576
Solution Q is warmed with ammonium chloride.
In a separate experiment, solution Q is added to methyl orange.
Which observations show that solution Q is basic?
[Table_1]
575
524
522
Which statement about elements in the Periodic Table is correct?
534
544
574
Elements in Group I of the Periodic Table react with water. Which row describes the products made in the reaction and the trend in reactivity of the elements? [Table_1]
578
552
569
The equation shows the reaction between a halogen and aqueous bromide ions.
$X_2 + 2\text{Br}^- \rightarrow 2X^- + \text{Br}_2$
......1...... ......2...... ......3......
Which words complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
[Table_1]
530
565
558
An inert gas R is used to fill weather balloons.
Which descriptions of R are correct?
[Table_1]
559
525
504
Calcium reacts with cold water to produce hydrogen. Lead reacts slowly when heated in air to form an oxide but has almost no reaction with steam. Silver does not react with either air or water. Zinc reacts when heated with steam to produce hydrogen. What is the order of reactivity starting with the least reactive? [Table_1]
509
585
564
Iron and potassium are both metals. Which row shows the reactivity of the metal and how it is extracted from its ore? [Table_1]
520
545
511
Which row describes the use of a metal and the property upon which the use depends?
[Table_1]
507
507
522
Argon is a noble gas used to fill light bulbs.
What is the approximate percentage of argon in air?
575
552
506
The diagrams show experiments involving the rusting of iron.
A student predicted the following results.
1 In tube P, the iron nails rust.
2 In tube Q, the iron nails do not rust.
3 In tube R, the iron nails do not rust.
Which predictions are correct?
538
594
568
Which equation represents the incomplete combustion of propane, $C_3H_8$?
537
552
511
The table describes three types of water.
[Table_1]
Which statement is correct?
546
509
502
Which compound would not be used as an important part of a garden fertiliser?
571
519
528
Carbon dioxide and methane both contribute to climate change. Which process produces both gases?
571
574
579
Which equation represents the formation of lime?
507
594
559
Petroleum is a mixture of different hydrocarbons.
Which process is used to separate the petroleum into groups of similar hydrocarbons?
572
507
525
Which two compounds are molecules which both contain a double bond?
578
537
516
Which statement about any homologous series is correct?
553
528
530
Ethanol can be formed by:
1. fermentation
2. reaction between steam and ethene.
Which of these processes use a catalyst?
[Table_1]
532
501
502
Which statement about ethanoic acid is not correct?
547
530
501
Some information about poly(ethene) is given.
• Poly(ethene) is used to make plastic bags.
• Poly(ethene) plastic bags in landfill sites do not readily decompose.
• Poly(ethene) molecules contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Which statement about poly(ethene) is correct?
524
593
507
